柠条组织培养技术

试验以小叶锦鸡儿成熟种子为试材,1/2MS培养基建立起了无菌苗,并取其茎段离体培养获得丛生芽及完整植株.探讨了种子不同的灭菌时间及pH值、培养基和植物生长调节剂对柠条试管苗成活率及生长状况的影响,结果表明:种子以0.1%升汞8min灭菌效果最为理想;微酸性(pH6.5)条件下,有利于柠条的增殖;MS+IAA0.2mg.L-1+6-BA0.2mg.L-1组合增殖效果最佳;MS+IAA0.4mg.L-1+IBA0.2mg.L-1为最优生根培养基.     

封育条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)群落改良土壤效应的研究

封育措施是恢复植被、改良土壤性质的重要措施。文中以科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落为研究对象,主要研究不同封育年限的沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落对土壤养分、土壤含水量、土壤紧实度、微生物生物量C、N、P含量等土壤性质的改良作用。结果表明,封育措施可以从土壤养分、土壤水分、土壤紧实度和土壤微生物等方面全面改良土壤,尤其是对表层土壤(0-10cm)的改良效果尤其明显。     

低温条件下满江红对地表水氮磷的去除效应研究

在冬季低温条件下研究了利用固氮植物满江红对模拟的不同磷浓度地表水的氮磷去除效应。结果表明,在各种磷浓度下,满江红对铵态氮、硝态氮和可溶性磷均有较好的去除效果,在试验结束的时候,溶液铵态氮、硝态氮去除率分别达94.04%和95.46%以上。磷的去除率随污染水体磷水平提高而增加,在处理前水体磷污染水平分别为0.1,0.4,1.6 mg P/L的条件下,其去除率分别达到87.0%,96.8%,99.0%。在磷污染水平提高时,满江红的生长量均有增加。满江红的生长量、植物体氮和磷浓度均随水体中磷的水平增加而提高。研究表明,满江红对富营养化地表水营养盐去除效果较好,可作为富营养化地表水修复植物。     

小叶锦鸡儿放牧场沙漠化过程中植物多样性的变化

对科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿放牧场在沙漠化过程中物种多样性的变化特征进行了研究。分析了植物种类消长规律、生活型结构变化、优势度以及生态位宽度的变化情况。物种多样性指数分析表明，沙漠化过程是一个物种多样性衰减的过程，沙漠化导致大多数原生性物种消失。固定沙丘到半固定沙丘这一过程是整个沙漠化过程中物种多样性丧失最快的阶段。从生活型来看，地面芽植物受沙漠化影响最大。采用Levins公式测度了科尔沁沙地不同沙漠化阶段中17个主要种群生态位宽度变化情况。结果表明，大多数原生植物种群的生态位宽度沙漠化进程中逐渐降低，而侵入的沙生植物则呈现了相反的变化趋势。     

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Characteristics and Essential Oil Yield in Dragonhead

We conducted field experiments in two locations to investigation of organic and chemical fertilizer on soil characteristics and essential oil yield in dragonhead. Results showed that the inoculation of bacteria with the seeds in location 1 and also the inoculation of bacteria with the seeds of G₁ genotype in location 2 than G₂ genotype increased the total soil nitrogen content. The application of azocompost and its inoculation with urea's chemical fertilizer comparing to chemical control, it increase the soil carbon content. Results indicated that by increasing azocompost content with a linear procedure bulk density increased. Results showed that application of 100% azocompost treatment had the highest electrical conductivity in the soil. According to the results, the main effect of genotype and fertilizer regime and also two-way interaction (bacteria × fertilizer) had significant relationship with essential oil yield.     

沼泽小叶桦嫩枝扦插试验

沼泽小叶桦属于嫩枝扦插难生根树种,采用ABT生根粉可有效促进其生根。研究表明,ABT生根粉浓度与浸泡时间的最佳组合为ABT生根粉50mg/L,浸泡15min,沼泽小叶桦生根率达到51%。浓度与浸泡时间有一定的互补作用,即高浓度、短时间与低浓度、较长时间2种组合处理有相似的促根作用。     

纯天然植物生长调节剂“爱密挺”对小叶黄杨抗寒性的影响

以2a生小叶黄杨"爱密挺"扦插苗为试材,于冬前田间喷施及喷施+灌根,采用质膜透性-电导法测定小叶黄杨苗木抗寒生理指标的变化,研究纯天然植物生长调节剂"爱密挺"各浓度梯度在不同应用时期、不同施用方法对小叶黄杨苗木抗寒性的影响,掌握植物生长调节剂"爱密挺"在绿化苗木上应用的最佳浓度、施用时期及方法,为提高小叶黄杨苗木抗寒性、扩大引种区域提供依据。结果表明:应用植物生长调节剂"爱密挺"增强小叶黄杨抗寒性的最佳施用时期为灌冬水前20d,最佳浓度是100mg/L,最佳施用方法是喷施+灌根。     

满江红多胺氧化酶的抽提与初步纯化

报告了满江红（Azollaimbricata）多胶氧化酶抽提条件与初步纯化的研究结果．以0．1mol／L磷酸缓冲液为介质抽提该酶时的最适pH约为6．5,添加0．10－0．15mol／LNaCl和2％－4％（质量体积比）PVP可改善抽提效果．用硫酸铵沉淀法、PEG－6000沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法分别对酶抽提液进行初步纯化,发现丙酮沉淀法纯化效果最优,用1．2倍（体积比）冷丙酮（－15℃）沉淀时可提纯该酶8．92倍,产率达74．6％．     

Influence of gibberellic acid on the sporulation of Azolla caroliniana, Azolla microphylla and Azolla pinnata

strains used in the study sporulate throughout the year while Azolla caroliniana and Azolla pinnata strains show sporulation only during November–March, the favourable period for sporulation. Application of gibberellic acid (GA) at a concentration of 2.5–100.0 μg ml^–1 substantially enhanced the sporulation frequency and number of sporocarps (mega plus micro) per plant in Azolla microphylla (two strains) during the unfavourable period (September–October) by 77.3–200.0%. The increase in the number of microsporocarps was more than that of the megasporocarps. The sporulation frequency and number of sporocarps in Azolla pinnata (two strains) and Azolla caroliniana during the favourable season also increased considerably due to GA (2.5–10.0 μg ml^–1) application. The optimum GA concentration for the sporulation of the three Azolla species was 2.5 μg ml^–1, which was used in the subsequent investigations. Efficacy of GA for enhancing sporulation was tested across 20 Azolla pinnata strains. A significant positive response was observed in all the strains. Of them, 17 strains for the sporulation frequency and 15 strains for the sporocarp number showed a >25% increase due to GA treatment. Under field conditions, Azolla microphylla (two strains), Azolla caroliniana and Azolla pinnata exhibited 66.0–88.1% higher sporulation frequency and 42.8–52.6% higher sporocarp number due to GA application. However, the proportion of megasporocarps to total sporocarps did not change. Received: 4 August 1998     

7种红萍的生物学特性研究与ISSR分子标记

通过杂交育种育出3个杂交萍品系MMC3-3、MMC5-1、MMC1-7,采用生物学特性观测和ISSR标记方法对杂交红萍和亲本进行鉴定,验证3个杂交萍品系与亲本的同源性和区别,结果表明,3个杂交红萍与亲本在基因型上已经发生分离,其中MMC3-3较耐热,而MMC5-1、MMC1-7较耐寒.ISSR分子标记结果表明,MMC3...