野生植物白沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究

对白沙蒿的生物学特性、化学成分及开发应用进行了综合研究，结果表明：白沙蒿是理想的抗旱、防沙和固沙植物；含有丰富的营养物质，可作为畜牧业的重要饲料；有较高的药用价值和工业利用前景，对该植物资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

不同商品化处理及保鲜膜包装对芦蒿冷藏效果的研究

芦蒿是以嫩茎供食的蔬菜。本试验以青杆型芦蒿为材料,研究带叶、去叶、鲜切三种商品化处理方式及0.02、0.05 mm厚度的PE膜、微孔膜三种保鲜膜包装对其(2±0.5)℃冷藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,去叶处理在减少VC等营养物质损耗、延缓采后纤维化及维持感官品质等方面优于带叶和鲜切处理;同时芦蒿具有较好的CO2耐受性,用厚度0.05 mm PE膜包装的保鲜效果优于另外两种保鲜膜包装。     

Nitrogen and carbon mineralization of semi-arid shrubland soil exposed to long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Anthropogenic N-deposition represents a significant input of N into semi-arid chaparral and coastal sage scrub (CSS) shrublands of southern California. High levels of atmospheric N deposition have the potential to increase soil C and N mineralization, and we hypothesize that semi-arid shrubland soil exposed to long-term (decades) high N deposition will have significantly higher C and N mineralization potentials. This hypothesis was tested in a laboratory incubation where the inorganic N (NH₄+NO₃) and CO₂ production of soils maintained at a constant temperature of 25°C and a soil moisture of 0.25 g H₂O/g (65% water-filled pore space) were sampled sequentially over a 50-week period. The temporal trend in cumulative C and N mineralization was well described by a first- and zero-order model, respectively. Long-term atmospheric N deposition significantly increased potential N mineralization but not C mineralization, and both the rate and total N mineralization were significantly positively correlated with the surface (0–10 cm) soil δ ¹⁵N natural abundance and negatively correlated with the surface soil C:N ratio. While the incubation techniques used here do not provide realistic estimates of in situ C or N mineralization, these assays indicate that atmospheric N deposition has significantly altered ecosystem N storage and cycling.     

油蒿群落不同恢复阶段的土壤水分空间异质性及植被特征

[目的]分析沙地恢复不同阶段(流动沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地)油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)群落的土壤水分空间变异规律以及植被响应特征,为荒漠地区植被恢复提供科学依据。[方法]利用经典统计学与地统计学相结合的方法进行分析。[结果](1)从流动沙地到固定沙地的演替过程中,土壤水分逐步减少,其空间结构呈现出明显的斑块状和条带状布局特点,同时沙地土壤水分空间异质性逐步增加,土壤水分在不同恢复阶段均表现出随着土层深度的增加,空间相关性逐渐增强的特征。(2)在沙地恢复过程中,油蒿种群的植被覆盖度、生物量、密度呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而植被特征的空间变异性则趋于减弱。(3)在流动沙地和固定沙地上,油蒿种群特征与土壤水分呈现显著负相关(p0.01)。[结论]油蒿种群的植被格局在一定程度上改变了土壤水分的空间异质性与分布格局。     

Induction and assessment of morpho-biochemical mutants in Artemisia pallens Bess.

Artemisia pallens Bess. is a low volume and high value essential oil plant used in perfumery, cosmetic and flavouring industries. On account of the failure of conventional procedures to induce variability in species, mutation techniques have been tried in our experiments. Dry and viable seeds (moisture content 8%) of homozygous pure breeding lines were subjected to 150–500 Gy doses of gamma rays and 0.01–0.1% ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for 8 h. Desirable qualitative mutants were recovered from segregating M₂ generation (4,283 plants scored) raised as single plant progenies. The spectrum of morphological mutants included late and early flowering types; bushy and high yielding types; tall and more capitula-producing types and high oil and high davanone yielding types. These were raised through M₃ families to evaluate stability and transmission of mutant characters. As such out of 15 different types selected in M₂, only 11 types bred true to their characteristic variability. Based on their performance, the mutants were characterised depending upon their distinguishing features. Davanone, the main component of oil showed the maximum increase (64.22% against 54.64% in control) in mutant ‘S–5’ recovered from exposure with 250 Gy γ-rays. Mutant ‘E-6’ was economically most viable having increased oil biosynthesis (0.36% against 0.22% in control) and hence yields higher oil per unit area than the parental control (isolated from 0.05% EMS treatment).     

黄花蒿绿色药材生产基地环境质量评价

为使栽培出来的黄花蒿达到绿色药材的标准,对广西融安县潭头乡黄花蒿种植基地生态环境质量进行评价。参照国家环保局《环境检测分析方法》布点采样,对黄花蒿规范化种植基地的大气环境、土壤环境和水源质量进行检测。空气质量监测采用国家规定环境空气质量标准(GB3095-1966)进行;土壤环境按国家标准GB15618-1995(土壤环境质量标准)和YB-T-1-2003(药用植物绿色出口生产基地行业标准),增加五氯硝基苯、艾氏剂项目;灌溉水质采用GB5084-92《农田灌溉水质标准》要求进行检测;对原有的野生黄花蒿植株进行重金属检测。广西融安县潭头乡黄花蒿种植基地大气质量达到GB3095-1996一级标准,水源质量达GB5084-92标准,土壤环境达GB15618-1995二级标准,野生黄花蒿植株重金属含量符合《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》(WM2/T-2003)要求。广西融安县潭头乡新黄花蒿种植基地环境质量良好,各生态条件适合黄花蒿生长。符合药用植物绿色出口生产基地行业标准(YB-T-1-2003)的要求。     

野艾色素的研究

从野艾嫩枝叶中提制的色素,主要成分为叶绿素a和叶绿素b。野艾色素耐热性好。金属A1~(3 )和Ca~(2 )对野艾色素有不良影响,在实际生产中不能使用铝制品,不能与钙接触。低浓度的Fe~(3 )、Cu~(2 )和Zn~(2 )以及高浓度的Sn~(2 )对色素能起增色作用。     

藜蒿离体培养再生体系的建立

采用植物组织培养技术,可以诱导藜蒿的幼叶和茎段产生愈伤组织和植株。以藜蒿幼叶、茎段为外植体,探索建立再生体系的最适条件和方法。研究表明:用70%酒精先消毒5 s,再用0.1%升汞消毒8 min,其消毒效果最好;MS+6-BA(1 mg/L)+2,4-D(4 mg/L)培养基适宜最适诱导藜蒿茎叶形成愈伤组织,MS+6-BA(4 mg/L)+NAA(0.4 mg/L)继代培养基最适诱导叶丛芽分化,而1/2 MS+NAA(0.5mg/L)+IAA(0.5 mg/L)为丛生菌生根最适培养基。     

不同纬区及不同栽培立地条件对黄花蒿青蒿素含量的影响

本文通过调查对比不同纬区及不同栽培立地条件的黄花蒿中的青蒿素含量来探讨增加青蒿素产量的栽培措施,发现我国种植的黄花蒿中青蒿素含量由南往北逐渐降低,以及采收期和采收部位等栽培措施对青蒿素含量有较明显影响.     

黄花蒿提取物对奶山羊乳腺动静脉血脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶山羊乳腺阴外动脉血和乳静脉血中共轭亚油酸(CLA)等脂肪酸含量的影响.选用9只健康、体重(38±3) kg的泌乳期[泌乳天数(210±15)d]关中奶山羊,随机分为3组,每组3只羊,对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组奶山羊分别饲喂0、7.26和12.10 g/d黄花蒿乙醇提取物.经预试期30 d后,分...