下辽河平原土壤砷有效性分析

利用辽河流域生态地球化学调查中取得的土壤砷形态分析等样品进行了大量、系统的对比研究,结果表明:下辽河平原土壤砷主要以离子交换态、水溶态、铁锰氧化态、碳酸盐结合态、强有机结合态、腐殖酸结合态及残渣态等7种形态存在,其中离子交换态及水溶态是可被生物吸收利用的形态——有效态,其含量主要受土壤砷全量、pH、有机质、土壤黏度等因素影响。     

鱼台区域土壤中砷的分布特征及其成因分析

分析了鱼台区域表层土壤和2个典型剖面中砷的分布特征,讨论了地质条件、气候环境、地形地貌、农作物类型和农田灌溉用水等自然和人为因素对土壤砷分布的影响。结果表明,土壤中砷的主要来源是母岩,其分布主要受地质构造的影响;气候环境和地形地貌对砷的风化和土壤砷迁移具有重要影响;高砷农田灌溉和主要以水田为主加剧了土壤砷污染;高砷农药和化肥的施用造成了高砷区的点状分布。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定冬凌草中的汞和砷

微波消解预处理冬凌草,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测其砷和汞含量,详细考察了仪器工作条件和消解条件对检测结果的影响。结果表明,在最佳的测试条件下,砷在0～10.0μg/L范围内,相关系数为0.999 6,加标回收率为102.5%;汞在0～1.0μg/L范围内,相关系数为0.999 8,加标回收率为95.00%;砷和汞的检出限分别为0.074μg/L,0.014μg/L。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定海洋沉积物中的砷和汞

应用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定海洋沉积物中砷、汞。研究了在最佳实验条件下,砷、汞的检出限分别为0．035μg／L、0．009μg／L。比较了常压消解、微波消解两种样品前处理方法回收率的差异,砷的回收率分别为85．6％～92．8％和89．0％～97．8％,汞的回收率分别为75．0％～83．1％和81．0％～94．8％,微波消解的回收率好于常压消解。并且微波消解技术具有快速、污染少、损失小等优点。本文提供了快速、准确测定海洋沉积物中砷、汞含量的方法。     

长期饲喂小剂量三氧化二砷对小白鼠内脏器官的影响

40日龄昆明种小白鼠40只,公母各半,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂小白鼠基础日粮,试验组饲喂含1.4mg/kgAS_2O_3的基础日粮。剖解对照组和一半的试验组的8月龄F_1代和2月龄F_3代小白鼠,试验组的另一半在停药14天后剖解,称肝、脾、肾重量,测量其大小。结果表明,各项指标在试验组与对照组间均无显著差异。     

Soil and sediment geochemistry of the iron quadrangle,Brazil the case of arsenic

Soils and sediments around gold ore deposit and mining sites in the Iron Quadrangle present positive As anomalies (median concentrations > 100 mg kg^-1) and wide ranges (< 20 to > 2000 mg kg^-1) even in densely populated areas. These anomalies can be related to geological structures, to hydrothermal ore deposits and to their continuous exploitation over the past three centuries. The paper presents new data on both As geochemistry and soil and sediment geochemistry in general, and discusses consequences of the encountered anomalies, their reasons and potential effects and how they compare with current screening and threshold values. While surface soil As-values are reproducible at a given site, sediment anomalies show a strong seasonal variation that can be explained by tropical hydrological variances. Suggestions are presented on how to minimize the As-load in densely populated areas that might otherwise pose a potential health risk.     

金属及其化合物在饮用水除砷中的应用

对近年来国内外金属及其化合物在水中砷去除方面的研究进行了调研和归纳总结,从工业副产物、铁氧化物、锰氧化物及其他金属化合物等方面进行论述,并在此基础上对饮用水除砷的研究方向进行了展望.     

Spatial variability and concentration of arsenic in the groundwater of a region in Nadia district,West Bengal,India

Arsenic pollution in ground water in India and Bangladesh is considered to be the largest contamination problem in the world. About 15?–?18% of the area of West Bengal, India comes under the threat of arsenic (As) contamination and around 5.36 million people are exposed to this hazard. A detailed isoline map corresponding to variations in arsenic concentration and their spatial distribution was prepared for the study area, which comprised two villages Ghentugachi and Gotera in Nadia district, West Bengal and the total area covered was 808 hectares. The pattern of arsenic contamination was highly irregular and diverse. About 11.2% of the study area was affected most (?>?0.50?mg As l^?1) with sample As values reaching 0.71 and 0.80?mg?l^?1. About 22.5% of the area had As content between 0.20 and 0.50?mg?l^?1 and 33.9% of study area had As content below the WHO guideline of 0.01?mg As/l. Thus the local population living around these areas is vulnerable and exposed to arsenic contamination. None of the water samples exceeded the allowable limit (1.0?mg As l^?1) of As for water used in irrigation purposes. The spatial distribution map helped to determine zones with different As concentrations, making it possible to identify high-risk zones.     

红葡萄酒中砷含量的流动注射氢化物原子吸收法检测

采用微波消解预处理红葡萄酒,对流动注射氢化物原子吸收法(FI-HAAS)测定砷的载气浓度、流速和载气酸度,预还原剂用量及氧化时间,硼氢化钾用量等参数进行优化,建立流动注射氢化物原子吸收检测红葡萄酒中砷含量的方法.结果表明,FI-HAAS检测红葡萄酒中砷的方法为:氩气为载气,盐酸为氢化物反应的酸介质,载气流速120 mL/min,载流酸度1％,检测使用液为酸度8％的盐酸,硼氢化钾质量浓度为10 mg／mL,氢氧化钠质量分数为0.6％,碘化钾-抗坏血酸作为预还原剂,预还原剂质量分数为1％,用量0.5mL,氧化时间10 min.     

Combined Effect of Arsenic and Phosphorus on Mineral Element Concentrations of Sunflower

This study was undertaken to examine the combined effect of soil‐applied phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As) on P, As, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lantanium (La), and cerium (Ce) concentrations of sunflower plants under glasshouse conditions determined by polarized‐energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Three levels of As (0, 30, and 60 mg kg^?1) and four levels of P (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg^?1) were applied to soil‐grown plants. Increasing levels of both As and P significantly increased As concentrations in the plants. Plant growth was significantly reduced with increased As supply regardless of applied P levels. Arsenic toxicity caused significant increases in the concentrations of Mn, La and Ce, but it decreased K, Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Zn, Cu, Rb, and Sr concentrations. Applied P increased the concentrations of Ti, Sr, and Ba and decreased Zn and Cu. In conclusion, the use of P fertilizers in As‐contaminated soils should be carefully considered in respect to increased As, Ti, Sr, and Ba availability and reduced Zn and Cu availability.