铅.镉.砷.汞污染的治理研究进展

重金属污染问题是工业化和城市化活动导致的最有危害性环境问题之一,环境中重金属能通过食物链污染食品、危害人体健康。治理重金属污染已成为热点研究话题。分别对重金属铅、镉、砷、汞污染的治理现状进行了综述。     

Multivariate analysis of relationship between potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield,amount of applied elements,their concentrations in tubers and uptake in a long-term fertilizer experiment

The aim of this study was to investigate how potato yield, the concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in tubers and their uptake are affected by mineral N, P and K fertilizers, straw and pig slurry application.     

ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

微波灰化-原子荧光光谱法测定卷烟纸中As含量

[目的]建立一种用于测定卷烟纸中砷含量的微波灰化-原子荧光方法。[方法]采用微波灰化法处理卷烟纸样品,然后用原子荧光光谱法测定卷烟纸中砷含量。[结果]砷在0.2～20μg/L范围内和荧光强度有良好的线性关系,其回归方程为If=286 C（μg/L）＋2.68（r=0.999 5）。该方法的回收率为95.4%～97.0%,检出限为0.04μg/L。[结论]采用原子荧光光谱法测定卷烟纸中的砷含量,灵敏度高,检出限低,精密度好,回收率高,可满足卷烟纸中痕量砷测定的要求。     

山东省南四湖地区水稻砷污染分析及食用风险评价

选取了南四湖地区的4个水稻主产地,采集了94份稻谷样品,并将其分为谷壳、谷糠和精米3个部分,对其总砷含量以及产生的人体健康风险进行了分析。结果表明：南四湖地区出产精米、谷壳和谷糠的总砷平均含量分别为103、683、和922μg/kg。南四湖4个稻米主产地以微山地区出产的稻谷砷含量最高,济宁市中区最低,嘉祥和鱼台居中。对4个稻谷主产地精米重金属元素的日剂量以及危险商分析表明,4个地区精米对人体产生的健康风险差别不大,与北京市售大米产生的人体健康风险相当,远低于湖南某污染区稻米产生的健康风险。     

土壤砷污染对三七皂苷含量的影响

探索土壤砷污染对三七中单体皂苷R1、Rg1、Rb1含量的影响。通过在盆栽土壤中分别添加不同量的有机砷和无机砷,经过10个月的种植后,采集三七植株,测定砷含量及单体皂苷。结果表明,土壤砷污染对三七中单体皂苷R1、Rg1、Rb1的含量有较显著影响,且对三七质量的影响有机砷大于无机砷。     

氮素对砷胁迫条件下辣椒生长·生理特性及砷含量的影响

[目的]为了对辣椒无公害生产提供理论和实践依据。[方法]通过盆栽试验,研究在As污染土壤上,氮肥对丘北辣椒植株叶片数、株高、分枝数、生物量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和辣椒砷累积特征的影响。[结果]随着施氮量的增加,植株的生物量增加,有利于植株地上部分的生长;随着施氮量的增加,植株叶片中的叶绿素含量逐渐增加;植株丙二醛含量减少,As对植株的毒害作用减少;植株中的总砷含量表现出增加的趋势,300 kg/hm2氮素处理时辣椒的砷含量最高,为3.09 mg/kg。[结论]氮素的施用在一定程度上可能增加辣椒对As的吸收。     

Arsenic contamination in cropping systems under varying irrigation sources in the deltaic plain of India

A field experiment was conducted in an arsenic endemic area of West Bengal, India (22°57?N, 89°33?E) in 2010–2012 to understand different prevalent cropping systems of the area as to nature of arsenic uptake by the crops and influence of different sources of irrigation water. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting two irrigation managements [I₁: irrigation with shallow tube well (STW) and I₂: irrigation from harvested pond water (PW)] in main plot and four cropping systems in sub plot were C₁: pea- summer rice- cowpea, C₂: potato- green gram- elephant foot yam (EFY), C₃: wheat- jute- winter rice and C₄: French bean- sesame- winter rice. Irrigation from PW recorded less arsenic uptake compared to STW. Arsenic uptake was minimum with French bean- sesame- winter rice (C₄), followed by potato – green gram – EFY (C₂). System equivalent yield was the highest with C₂. The highest return was recorded with C₂ and the return per dollar (USD) investment was the maximum with C₁, followed by C₂. Potato- green gram- EFY (C₂) proved to be the better option for the farmers in arsenic contaminated area with greater yield potential, highest return per dollar investment and less arsenic uptake.