四季草莓寒地高效栽培技术研究

利用四季草莓新品种‘四季公主2号’为试材,在吉林省开展四季草莓寒地高效栽培技术研究。结果表明,秋季定植四季草莓的产量和经济效益比春季定植的高,最佳定植时期8月10—25日;最佳栽培方式是平畦;春季采收后修剪使植株更新复壮,可提高草莓秋季产量和品质。     

You cannot conserve a species that has not been found: The case of the marine sponge Axinella polypoides in Liguria,Italy

1. Detailed knowledge about the distribution of species in need of protection is required for the management of Marine Protected Areas, a major tool to reduce marine biodiversity loss. Such knowledge is deficient for most marine invertebrates.
2. Axinella polypoides is a marine sponge included on the list of protected species by the Barcelona Convention (1976) and the Bern Convention (1987). This large and erect species has an important ecological role in habitat forming and benthic–pelagic coupling.
3. Bathymetrical, geographical and ecological data over the last 60 years were collated from publications and reports, together with new surveys to assess the distribution and protection status in Liguria of A. polypoides. It identified a more widespread distribution than previously thought, which points at a general need for dedicated investigations on the occurrence of species that require protection.
4. Bathymetrical distribution was trimodal, with peaks corresponding to different geomorphological settings: coastal cliff bases (around 38 m depth), inner shelf shoals (52 m) and rocks amidst coarse sediment on the outer shelf (79 m). Density was significantly greater at the shallowest depths. The species was mostly found in the coralligenous biocoenosis, in association with other characteristic species or forming a monospecific facies.
5. On (sub)vertical cliffs, A. polypoides often exhibited an unusual cane shape, rather than the typical bushy morphology, thus causing confusion with the congeneric A. cannabina, a more southern species. Records of the latter in the Ligurian Sea therefore need confirmation.
6. Only a minority (22.6%) of A. polypoides records were in Marine Protected Areas, the remainder being located in areas with no current environmental protection plans in place. While the occurrence of this species in MPAs remained stable over the decades, the only quantitative historical data available indicated that populations in non-protected areas were declining owing to anthropogenic impacts (fishing and anchoring).

     

三峡库区2类典型森林5种土壤酶季节动态及其与养分的关系

以三峡库区2类典型的森林类型马尾松纯林和马尾松-杉木混交林为研究对象,测定土壤理化性质与不同季节酶活性,以揭示土壤酶的季节动态及其与养分的关系。结果表明:5种酶活性最低值均出现在冬季(1月),除多酚氧化酶活性最高值出现在夏季(7月)外,其余4种酶活性最高值出现在秋季(10月)。蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的季节变化规律一致,从夏季到冬季呈现先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势,多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶的季节变化则呈现从春季到秋季持续升高再降低的动态规律。除多酚氧化酶外,其余4种酶活性均与土壤有机质、全氮、土壤含水量、硝态氮呈极显著正相关,4种酶之间均存在显著的正相关关系。     

汽车4S店服务补救对补救绩效的影响研究

基于债务结构的研究视角,以德国和PIIGS五国为例,构建主权债务可持续性模型,量化研究债务自身结构、宏观经济结构以及财政支出结构对债务可持续性的影响,并运用向量自回归模型进行检验.研究结果表明：适度地提高长期债券所占比重（以65%-75%为宜）,同时降低短期债务的比重（不超过15%）,改善宏观经济结构并促进国内就业,扩大固定资产投资的财政支出,均有助于抑制债务规模的持续扩张,维持主权债务的可持续性.     

陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤养分评价——以甘肃庄浪县为例

【目的】从县域尺度对陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤养分进行评价,为黄土丘陵区梯田土壤培肥、粮食产量增加提供科学依据。【方法】以庄浪县耕地质量评价数据为数据源,共采集3 839个样点,且采样点均匀覆盖全县农田,通过主成分分析和方差成分估计模块分析了陇东黄土区梯田土壤大量养分（有机质、全磷、全氮、缓效钾、速效磷、碱解氮、速效钾）和微量养分（有效铜、有效锌、有效锰、有效铁、有效硼）分布特征及其影响因素。【结果】1）庄浪县梯田土壤全磷和速效磷含量处于高水平,速效钾含量处于较高水平,有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量处于中等水平。土壤大量养分综合指数处于较低、中等和较高级别的样本数分别占有效样本数的14.45%,65.89%和19.66%。2）庄浪县梯田土壤有效铜、有效锰和有效铁含量为中等水平,有效锌和有效硼含量处于中下水平,且有较大面积的土壤缺硼。土壤微量养分综合指数处于较低、中等和较高级别的样本数分别占有效样本数的32.53%,63.35%和4.12%。3）土壤类型对土壤大量养分空间变异的贡献率达51.81%,海拔影响次之,其贡献率为23.60%。随着海拔的升高,土壤大量养分综合指数在较高水平样本所占比例相应增加。4）土壤微量养分空间变异性与土壤类型、土壤质地、海拔有关,土壤类型对微量养分空间变异的贡献率最高,为69.41%,土壤质地、海拔的贡献率分别为17.65%,11.76%。随着海拔的升高,土壤微量养分综合指数在中高水平所占比例总体降低。【结论】陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤大量养分和微量养分整体处于中等水平,有较大面积的土壤缺硼。梯田土壤养分的空间变异主要受土壤类型和海拔的影响。     

南疆环塔里木盆地林果种植区近50a气候变化特征及对果树生长的影响

根据南疆环塔里木盆地林果种植区1961-2010年以来资料完整的32个气象站点的气象资料,利用线性趋势函数分析了该地区近50年的光、温、水等主要气象要素的变化。结果表明:南疆环塔里木盆地林果种植区对全球气候变化的响应显著,年平均气温呈明显的上升趋势,冬季升温尤为显著;年平均降水量以5.873mm/10a的速度上升,增加最快的是夏季,其次是秋季,冬季最少;光照条件和湿度条件变化不明显。南疆环塔里木盆地年平均气温上升趋势对林果这一喜温作物整体有利,暖冬气候整体有利于果树的越冬;夏季降水量增加显著,可利用水资源略有增加,有利于果树的生长发育。但气候变暖同时导致极端气候事件频发,果树发生冻害风险增大。暖冬气候条件使越冬病虫卵蛹死亡率降低,病虫群数量上升,不利于果树病虫害防治。     

Assessing waterbird conservation objectives: An example for the Burry Inlet, UK

We use an individual-based model to assess the conservation objectives for knot Calidris canutus L. and oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus L. on the Burry Inlet Special Protection Area (SPA), UK. Population monitoring has identified a decline in oystercatcher numbers, but cannot determine whether this is due to a decline in site quality. Long term data on cockle stocks show that the biomass of the large-sized cockles consumed by oystercatcher declined after 2004, whereas a similar decline was not observed in the smaller cockles consumed by knot. The model postdicts that during the winters of 2005/2006 to 2008/2009 the site was unable to support the number of oystercatcher present at the time it was designated (i.e. the SPA population). Large cockle biomass remained low during 2009/2010, but increases in mussel biomass meant that the model postdicted that the site could support the SPA population of oystercatcher. Knot food supplies remained high during most years, except 2008/2009 during which the model postdicted that the SPA population could not be supported. The model postdicted that the stock reserved for oystercatchers after shellfishing needed to be 2-4 times the amount consumed by the birds in order to support the bird population. We recommend that where necessary, the conservation objectives of waterbirds should be assessed using a combination of thorough population size and behaviour monitoring to identify sites with population declines, and individual-based modelling on these sites to determine whether reduction in site quality may contribute to the site-specific population decline.     

Notes on the Bathypelagic Fauna of the Seas Around South Africa

The preliminary results of a study of the endemic giant tortoise population of Aldabra Atoll in the Indian Ocean (Geochehne gigantea Schweigger) are briefly described. Their number would appear to have increased dramatically since the turn of the century to their present level of some 141 000 individuals. Crude estimates of mortality and reproductive rates are also given.     

同仁地区中小学信息技术教育的现状与思考

近几年,随着信息技术的飞速发展和国家对教育事业的不断投入,青海省在中小学信息技术教育方面有了长足的进步和发展,但与发达地区相比,仍存在很大差距,还有许多工作要做。就青海省黄南藏族自治州同仁地区中小学信息技术教育的现状进行了调查研究,分析了存在的问题,并结合藏区的教育实际,提出了切实可行的具体措施。     

托木尔峰自然保护区地衣的补充研究

我们根据多年的研究并结合前人的工作进一步地整理了分布在新疆托木尔峰自然保护区的地衣种类。分析该地区的地衣种有１２０个，分别隶性于４９属，其中有１１个变种和４个变型。调查中我们还发现该地区地衣随着海拔高度的升高而有所不同，北坡和南坡也有明显的差异。