Nutrient cycling in two traditional Central American agroforestry systems

A preliminary nutrient cycling study quantified total and temporal nutrient inputs via litterfall and pruning residues in two agroforestry systems: (1) Coffea arabica (perennial crop)-Erythrina poeppigiana (leguminous shade tree); and (2) C. arabica-E. poeppigiana-Cordia alliodora with emphasis on the effect of the timber tree C. alliodora. The total annual input of litterfall plus pruning residues was similar in both associations. Total annual input from E. poeppigiana was less than half in the association with C. alliodora than without, but the litterfall from this latter species compensated for the loss. Large differences in the total annual nutrient input of K, Ca and Mg was found between associations, but not for N or P. The amount of nutrients recycled by the associated trees reached the recommended level of fertilizer required for coffee production. The inclusion of C. alliodora within the C. arabica-E. poeppigiana association resulted in a more evenly distributed annual nutrient input.     

咖啡新品种德热132选育报告

"德热132"是由MEXICO-9的突变单株选择出的抗锈病优质品种,2012年进行了新品种登记,并命名为德热132。品比、区试和生产试验结果均表明,该品种具有稳产、品质优、抗锈病等特点,适宜在云南省的德宏、保山、临沧、普洱、文山等地区种植。     

Population dynamics of Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on Coffea canephora in the Lake Victoria Crescent agroecological zone of Uganda

We studied the seasonal population dynamics of Xylosandrus compactus on Coffea canephora for 24 months from June 2013 to May 2015 at the National Coffee Research Institute, Mukono, Uganda. Every month, we randomly sampled 20 infested twigs from different coffee trees on each of three experimental blocks, and dissected them to count different stages of X. compactus per twig. We recorded monthly mean temperature and total rainfall. Seasonal fluctuations in numbers of different life stages of X. compactus inside C. canephora twigs over time were analysed with a general linear model. Ambient temperature and rainfall were used to predict changes in monthly mean counts by means of a multiple linear regression. The population of X. compactus varied significantly across months and its major peak occurred from May to August. This variability was poorly explained by prevailing weather conditions with only the number of dead females correlated negatively with mean monthly temperature. Therefore, it may be suitable to apply management interventions against X. compactus on C. canephora in Uganda prior to May–August of each year to prevent the pest from attaining damaging levels. Further research is necessary to better understand the effect of weather variables on population dynamics of this insect pest.     

Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease in Arabica Coffee Variety 'Ruiru 11'

General and specific combining ability effects for resistance to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack sensu Hindorf) in Coffea arabica variety ‘Ruiru 11’ and its parents were estimated according to the North Carolina Design II. A set of nine male parents and eleven females were crossed in all possible combinations to generate ninety-nine single cross hybrids constituting the ‘Ruiru 11’ variety. The parents and their hybrid progenies were screened and the mean score data analyzed for possible genetic variation. The contributions of the parents to the total genetic variance were low hence the low narrow sense heritability (h²= 0.04). The male and female parents accounted for 9.36 % and 0.96 %, respectively, while their interaction effect accounted for 89.68 %. In the analysis of combining ability for resistance, ExB3.96 and Cat.90 exhibited significant negative general combining ability (GCA). Specific combining abilities (SCA) were negative and significant for Cat.86 × ExB3.99, Cat.127 × ExB3.116 and Cat.119 × ExB3.879 crosses. The implications of these results in selection for highly resistant ‘Ruiru 11’ progenies are discussed.     

3个不同产地咖啡脂肪酸组成比较

以云南Arabica咖啡(Coffea arabica)、兴隆Robusta咖啡(Coffea robusta Linden)和越南Robusta咖啡为原料,采用正己烷萃取其咖啡油脂肪酸,通过GC/MS分析生咖啡及不同焙炒度咖啡的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:云南Arabica咖啡总脂肪含量高于兴隆Robusta咖啡和越南Robusta咖啡总脂肪含量;咖啡油脂肪酸含量从高到低的3种脂肪酸依次为亚油酸(约40%)>棕榈酸(约30%)>油酸(约20%);焙炒程度对咖啡油脂肪酸组成没有显著影响。此外,3种咖啡中均含有少量的亚麻酸、花生酸和山嵛酸。     

Expression and mode of inheritance of resistance in coffee to leaf miner Perileucoptera coffeella

The coffee leaf miner (Perileucoptera coffeella, Guérin-Méneville), is the most serious pest on coffee in Brazil. Coffee varieties with resistance to this pest have been developed in Brazil using genes from the Coffea racemosa Lour. species. Resistance to P. coffeella was studied in C. racemosa and in advanced breeding populations derived from BC3 and BC4 generations through artificial infestation of coffee leaves (laboratory) and natural infestation (greenhouse). Based on an analysis of variance carried out with notes attributed to lesions, two weeks after egg hatching, C. racemosa plants and BC4 progenies were classified in 3 groups according to their degree of resistance to the insect. The age of the leaves seemed to play a role in the expression of resistance of C. racemosa and of BC4 progenies to P. coffeella. The data seemed to show that resistance to P. coffeella derived from C. racemosa can be best explained by two complementary dominant genes. Segregations for resistance assessed in families obtained by selfing or open pollination or by back-crossing with a susceptible variety were similar to the expected segregation of 9 resistant: 7 susceptible or 1 resistant: 3 susceptible, respectively. The symbols Lm1, lm1, Lm2 and lm2 are proposed for the alleles. Consequences for breeding coffee varieties with resistance are discussed.     

咖啡营养特性及营养诊断研究进展

饮料作物咖啡（Coffea）为茜草科咖啡属的多年生灌木或者小乔木,在我国主要种植于云南与海南两省。本文概述了咖啡的主要营养特性及咖啡营养诊断方面的研究概况,并指出咖啡营养诊断的研究方向。     

我国咖啡生产及贸易发展状况

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t研究咖啡豆在烘焙过程中挥发性物质的组成变化及抗氧化活性。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)富集不同烘焙阶段云南阿拉比卡咖啡豆的挥发性物质,并用气相色谱—质谱联用仪分析其化学组成,采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和铁离子还原(FRAP)法评价不同烘焙阶段咖啡豆挥发性物质的抗氧化活性,分析抗氧化活性与主要成分含量的关系。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t咖啡豆在烘焙过程中杂环化合物的相对含量大幅增加;挥发性物质的DPPH自由基清除能力和FRAP抗氧化能力随烘焙程度的加深呈现显著上升趋势。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t咖啡豆挥发性物质的抗氧化能力与吡咯、吡嗪、呋喃和酚类化合物的相对含量具有显著正相关性。\t\t\t\t     

不同种植模式咖啡生长特性与经济效益比较

为探讨海南咖啡生产适宜的栽培模式。分析比较了咖啡单作和咖啡香蕉间作2种栽培模式下咖啡的生长量、产量、光合特性及经济效益情况。结果表明：2种栽培模式下咖啡生长量、产量、净光合速率差异均不显著;咖啡香蕉间作比咖啡单作模式下叶面积、叶绿素SPAD值大,但差异未达到显著;咖啡香蕉间作模式下4年单位面积总投入比咖啡单作高58．5％,总收益率比咖啡单作高60．7％。咖啡香蕉间作模式在缩短投资回收期、提高产值、增加收益方面显著高于咖啡单作。     

不同种植模式咖啡生长特性与经济效益比较

为探讨海南咖啡生产适宜的栽培模式,分析比较了咖啡单作和咖啡香蕉间作2种栽培模式下咖啡的生长量、产量、光合特性及经济效益情况。结果表明：2种栽培模式下咖啡生长量、产量、净光合速率差异均不显著;咖啡香蕉间作比咖啡单作模式下叶面积、叶绿素SPAD值大,但差异未达到显著;咖啡香蕉间作模式下4年单位面积总投入比咖啡单作高58.5%,总收益率比咖啡单作高60.7%。咖啡香蕉间作模式在缩短投资回收期、提高产值、增加收益方面显著高于咖啡单作。