嫁接沙果苗白粉病发生及防治

分析了沙果嫁接苗发生苹果白粉病的症状、发生原因和规律,指出白粉病对嫁接苗的危害,并从树体管理和药剂等方面提出了防治沙果感染白粉病的具体技术措施。     

橡胶树枝条内生真菌的分离及其拮抗性的测定

经过严格的表面消毒程序,从橡胶树枝条中分离到18株内生真菌,并对其进行初步鉴定.结果表明,这18株内生真菌分别归属于2个目,2个科,7个属,其优势菌群为无孢菌群(Mycelia Sterilia).通过温度测定,确定橡胶树内生真菌最适生长温度为25～28℃:采用平板对峙培养法,研究内生真菌对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarum pxysporum f.sp.cubense)和橡胶炭疽病菌(Colletorichum gloeosporioides Penz.Sace)的抑菌作用.结果表明,ITBB2-2对两种植物病原菌的拮抗作用最好.ITBBBB2-10和ITBB2-15次之,ITBB2-3对香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗作用明显而对橡胶炭疽病菌拮抗作用不明显,其它内生真菌对两种植物病原菌无拮抗作用或不明显.     

几种橡胶树属植物的rDNA ITS序列分析

大戟科橡胶树属植物外观差异小,不仅种内栽培品种间难以从表型上判别,就在橡胶树属种间也差别不大.为了弄清楚橡胶树属植物遗传距离的详细信息,探明利用种间基因资源的可能性,作者从6种橡胶树属植物中克隆了ITS序列并进行测序.序列分析结果表明橡胶树属植物的ITS序列具有高度的相似性,仅存在几个碱基差别.这一结果表明了橡胶树属植物亲缘关系较近,适合通过种间杂交培育新品种,为常规杂交育种提供理论支持.     

晚熟龙眼挂树期果实呼吸强度、细胞膜透性及若干品质变化

以晚熟龙眼品种青壳宝圆、九月乌、立冬本、苗翘为试材,研究挂树期内果实呼吸强度、果皮细胞膜透性和若干品质性状的变化。结果表明：除青壳宝圆外,挂树期果实呼吸强度均呈下降趋势;挂树5d内,青壳宝圆、苗翘的果皮细胞膜透性下降,立冬本上升,九月乌基本不变,挂树5～15d果皮细胞膜透性除立冬本外,均上升;挂树期单果重呈上升的趋势;可食率在挂树初期有所提高,随着挂树时间的延长而下降;果肉自溶指数随挂树时间的延长而上升。     

牡丹根结线虫的鉴定

牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.根结线虫雌虫会阴花纹近圆形 ,有些花纹在侧线部位向一方或两方延伸成翼状 ,在近尾端区有刻点 ;能侵染烟草、辣椒和花生 ,而不为害西瓜和棉花 ;雌成虫酯酶同功酶凝胶电泳只出现一条酶带 ,迁移率 0 .5。根据以上结果将牡丹根结线虫鉴定为北方根结线虫 Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood。     

吊瓶精准输液技术对芒果产量的影响

采用吊瓶精准输液技术,在芒果树开花到成熟期按树体大小定量向树杆木质部注射营养液,以确定对芒果产量的增产效应,结果表明：芒果果数可增产23.85%,单果重可增产22.77%,总产量可增产52.06%,其产投比为3.38:1,是对照产投比（2.29:1）的1.48倍。通过定量分析和计算机模拟的方法推导出芒果精确施肥用药量的数学模型为?=5.15383(D)3.09674(g),对吊瓶输液技术导致芒果抗旱丰产的原因进行分析及讨论。     

Simulation Study of the Impact of Permanent Groundcover on Soil and Water Changes in Jujube Orchards on Sloping Ground

Land degradation is recognized as a major environmental problem in rainfed fruit orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Six treatments were used to investigate surface runoff and soil moisture by means of simulated rainfall experiments: (i) a control (clean cultivation) (CC); (ii) strip cock's foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cover (SCF); (iii) strip crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) cover (SCV); (iv) strip bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cover (SBF); (v) strip white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cover (SWC); and (vi) complete white clover cover (WCC). The time to runoff was significantly longer under WCC than under other treatments (p < 0·05). The total runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly greater under CC than under the vegetation cover treatments (p < 0·05). The mean infiltration rate under WCC and CC was the largest and lowest and differed significantly from that under other treatments (p < 0·05). The change of soil water storage was the largest under WCC and the least under CC. The soil moisture was significantly greater under SCF than under other treatments (p < 0·05). Treatment SCF seemed to be the best groundcover for rainfed sloping jujube orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

果树栽植机光电定株距装置的设计与试验

针对果树栽植过程中株距难以控制的问题,考虑到现有的果树栽植机定株距存在结构复杂、制造成本高及受土壤滑移率影响较大等问题,设计了一种光电定株距装置,可以避免土壤滑移率对株距的影响,保证栽植果树株距的一致性,且可实现株距连续可调,满足不同果树栽植时对株距选择的要求。针对试验中出现的部分株距较设计值有所偏差的问题,分析了原因并提出了优化方案。试验结果表明:果树栽植机光电定株距装置栽植合格率92.5%,平均栽植深度合格率为92.9%,在1.7m栽植株距下,株距变异系数为5.9%,满足现代标准果园机械化生产要求。     

Insect herbivores and pathogens of Alnus species in Uganda

Published documentation of insect pests and pathogens associated with Alnus species in Africa is very scarce. We surveyed damaging insects and pathogens, and arthropod natural enemies on Alnus acuminata and A. nepalensis in Kabale and Mbale districts, Uganda between March 1999 and August 2000 in order to identify the range and relative abundance of arthropods and pathogens associated with the Alnus species. Frequently encountered damaging insects on the Alnus species included Apis mellifera, Apion globulipenne, a Systates sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phymateus viridipes, a Lobotrachelus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Coloborrtics corticina and some Chrysomelidae. Some species such as Aphis fabae, Parastictococcus multispinosus and a Cacopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) were observed feeding on other agroforestry tree species and/or crops although they generally occurred at low population intensities. Spiders and parasitic Hymenoptera were the most common natural enemies. Diseases were more severe in nurseries than in the field. Damping-off caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Septoria brown leaf spot and stem canker were the most serious diseases of Alnus. The array of damaging insects and pathogens indicates a potential danger to the cultivation of Alnus species in Uganda as adoption of the species for agroforestry continues to expand in the country. In view of the increasing demand for Alnus species for agroforestry in Uganda, regular pest monitoring and appropriate control strategies are necessary.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

沙糖橘减少黄化死亡延长树体寿命栽培研究

近年在沙糖橘主要产区广东省肇庆市和云浮市,沙糖橘囚黄化而导致低产、果实品质下降、树体早衰甚至死亡的现象剧增。试验处理800株沙糖橘,死亡16株,死亡率2％;对照120株,死亡91株,死亡率75．8％。研究表明：根据沙糖橘生物学特性和年生长发育规律,通过科学管理增强树势,能够减少沙糖橘黄化死亡,延长树体寿命。