A marking method of cutting uropods using malformed regeneration for kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus

ABSTRACT:   Malformed regeneration after cutting uropods was effective as a marking method for kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus , 50 mm in body length (BL). After cutting uropods, the shape of uropods was changed by 12 cutting positions, and the malformed uropods were classified into four types for both lateral (Convex, Wide, Hollow and Narrow types) and mesial (Convex, Hollow, Narrow and Short types) rami. Group X2 reached the highest frequency of occurrence of 97%, 9 months after the uropod was cut, and it did not return to its normal shape. This malformed uropod was easy to find and was proven to be satisfactory over the long term.     

刺参池塘养殖系统中1株副干酪乳杆菌的分离及其生物学特性研究

本研究利用MRS培养基,从山东东营刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘环境中分离到56株乳酸菌.以刺参腐皮综合征2种重要致病菌灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)和假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens)为指示菌,采用牛津杯法测定所分离的乳酸菌对2株...     

受日本龟蜡蚧危害的柿树和枣树对2种天敌昆虫的招引作用

本文利用嗅觉仪、GC/MS等测定技术,研究日本龟蜡蚧危害后,柿树和枣树对2种捕食性天敌昆虫中华草蛉和异色瓢虫的招引作用.结果表明:在日本龟蜡蚧1个年生活周期中的5-6月份和7-8月份2个阶段受害枝叶对天敌没有显著的招引作用,但在9-10月受害枝叶具有较强烈的招引作用并呈现出昼夜节律性;1:00-3:00和13:00-15:00 2个时段,2种寄主树木受害与未受害的枝叶招引效应之间的差异均达极显著水平,而在7:00-9:00和19:00-21:00 2时段内并没有表现出招引作用.同时受害枝叶对天敌的招引作用还表现为虫害诱导后树体挥发物和蚧虫的虫体挥发物的协同作用,但受害枝叶的招引力强于蚧虫虫体.与未受害相比,受害柿树挥发物中有6种物质含量明显增加,并新增加了11种组分,包括3种萜类、3种芳香类、3种烃类和2种醇类化合物.     

4个不同地理群体刺参杂交的杂种优势及配合力分析

为了探究长岛(C)、大连(D)、威海(W)、胶南(J)4个中国不同地理种群刺参的杂种优势和配合力,采用完全双列杂交建立16个杂交和自交群体组,测定不同日龄(30日龄,60日龄,80日龄,105日龄)的杂交及自交后代生长情况,分析后代生长杂种优势和各组合配合力。结果发现,不同组幼参的生长速度不同,30至80日龄杂交组与自交组差异不显著,105日龄时杂交组D(♀)×J(♂)(DJ)组、WD组、JD组、JC组显著高于自交组(CC组、WW组、JJ组);不同杂交组的杂交优势率在同一生长阶段各不相同,而同一组在不同生长阶段也存在差别,CD组、JC组和JD组始终为正值,CW组始终为负值,随着各组刺参的生长杂种优势率为正值的组增多,其中105日龄JC组最高,为9.69%;D(♀)、J(♀)和D(♂)一般配合力效应值较高;30至60日龄JD组特殊配合力较高,80至105日龄WD、JC、CW和DJ组特殊配合力较高。综合分析认为C(♀)×D(♂)、D(♀)×J(♂)、J(♀)×C(♂)和J(♀)×D(♂)杂交组合具有良好的生长和较高特殊配合力。     

超声辅助竹节虾头酶解及抗氧化肽分离研究

为了实现竹节虾加工副产物的高值化利用,以竹节虾加工废弃物中的虾头副产物为原料,以水解度和DPPH清除率作为评价指标,采用中性蛋白酶酶解,通过响应面法优化超声辅助酶解工艺,并依次通过超滤、凝胶层析色谱和反相高效液相色谱等分离方法,从竹节虾虾头酶解产物中分离制备抗氧化肽,采用超高压液相色谱串联质谱联用技术对肽的结构进行表征。结果表明,在中性蛋白酶添加量为3 000 U·g~(-1)、p H值7.0条件下,最佳超声辅助酶解工艺参数为超声时间41 min,超声温度55℃,超声频率22 k Hz,料液比1∶9(w/v),在此条件下获得的酶解产物DPPH清除率达69.50%。当水解时间为0.5~2.5 h时,超声辅助酶解的酶解产物水解度和DPPH清除率比非超声辅助酶解工艺分别高17.95%和18.83%,该工艺缩短了酶解时间,节约了能耗。酶解产物经超滤初步分离发现,相对分子质量在3k Da(SHP4)的组分具有显著的抗氧化活性。用凝胶层析法进一步分离纯化SHP4组分后得到4个峰,其中SHP4-II的DPPH清除率最高;SHP4-II通过反相高效液相纯化后也得到4个主要肽峰,在多肽含量为1.5 mg·m L~(-1)时,SHP4-II-4的DPPH清除率最高,达到85.69%,并且具有较好的分离度,质谱分析发现,该抗氧化肽的结构为Gly-Asn-Gly-Leu-Pro(455.99 Da)。本研究结果为虾肽抗氧化保健食品的研发提供了一定的科学依据。     

Effects of dietary n‐3 long‐chain unsaturated fatty acid on growth performance,lipid deposition,hepatic fatty acid composition and health‐related serum enzyme activity of juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus

Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) on growth performance, lipid deposition, hepatic fatty acid composition and serum enzyme activities of juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus (initial mean weight 29.2 ± 1.34 g). Triplicate groups of 30 Japanese seabass were fed with six diets containing grade levels of n‐3 LC‐PUFA (1.30, 2.98, 5.64, 10.31, 14.51, 24.13 g kg^–1 of dry weight) to apparent satiation twice daily for 9 weeks. The specific growth rate (SGR) was the highest in 10.31 g kg^–1 dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA group. Crude lipid content of the fish decreased significantly with increasing dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA. Meanwhile, the hepatic lipid content increased significantly in the 24.13 g kg^–1 group. Hepatic n‐3 LC‐PUFA content of total fatty acids was closely correlated with that in diet. No significant difference was observed in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Moderate n‐3 LC‐PUFA level (10.31 g kg^–1 of dry weight) in the diet was beneficial to enhance the activity of lysozyme in serum. Based on SGR, the optimum dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA content was estimated to be around 10.94 g kg^–1 of dry weight by second‐order polynomial regression method.     

弧菌疫苗对斑节对虾和日本对虾免疫预防的作用

尝试使用免疫学的方法来防治对虾弧菌病。将病原副溶血弧菌制成福尔马林灭活疫苗,在实验条件下分别以浸泡、口服和注射等方式接种于斑节对虾和日本对虾,结果发现,在一定的范围内,对虾的免疫保护率随疫苗浓度的增加而升高。在注射接种的方式中,斑节对虾在１９＾９、１０＾８、１０＾７ｃｅｌｌｓ．ｍＬ＾－１的疫苗剂量下的保护力分别为４０％、５０％和４０％,浸泡组（疫苗浓度分别为１０＾８ｃｅｌｌｓ．ｍＬ＾－１、１０＾７