日本矮生沿阶草在长江中下游地区的引种适应性研究

日本矮生沿阶草(Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker.-Gawler)是一种喜湿、耐荫、耐寒的地被植物, 具有耐贫瘠、适应性广、抗逆性强等特点,在园林绿化上有着广阔的应用前景。通过在长江中下游地区连续3年的引种栽培试验,表明日本矮生沿阶草在该地区有较强的适应性,本文还对其快速繁育技术进行了阐述。     

鲈鱼与养生

在广泛文献检索基础上,对鲈鱼的种属、营养成分、养生价值、代表性膳食及食用注意事项进行了概述,以期为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

异源精子诱导犬齿牙鲆的雌核发育

用冷冻保存的花鲈精子作为异源精子,采用紫外线(UV)对精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活,然后与卵子进行授精,可以刺激犬齿牙鲆鱼卵进行雌核发育,在受精后一定时间采用冷休克处理授精卵,抑制第二极体排出成功获得了犬齿牙鲆雌核发育二倍体鱼苗.实验表明:犬齿牙鲆同源精子经80 mJ/cm2的紫外线照射可以完全失活,冻存花鲈精子经紫外线照射后也同样具有诱导犬齿牙鲆雌核发育的能力.无论同源精子还是异源精子,最佳诱导条件为在18℃条件下,精子经80 mJ/cm2的紫外线照射,受精后4～5 min将受精卵放在3℃海水中进行冷休克处理,持续时间为45 min,同源精子和异源精子二倍体诱导分别为32.66%±7.03%和28.00%±6.48%.采用形态学、流式细胞仪DNA含量分析和微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体.     

林下种植重楼和珠子参后土壤细菌结构与功能变化

为探索不同植被下土壤细菌群落构成和功能差异及其与土壤因子的关系,采用高通量测序,对移栽重楼和珠子参根际及原始林地土壤细菌进行16SrRNA测序。结果表明,重楼根际土壤的Chao1和ACE指数显著高于原始林地土壤。Simpson和Shannon指数与土壤因子的相关性不显著,Chao1和ACE指数与EC、WC、TP、MBC、MBP、AP呈显著正相关,与AK、MBC:MBP、NiR、SUC呈显著负相关。变形菌门和酸杆菌门在原始林地土壤中丰度最高,拟杆菌门在重楼根际土壤中丰度最高,厚壁菌门在珠子参根际土壤中丰度最高。KEGG分析发现,原始林地土壤在细胞过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理与代谢等4个一级功能层面均有丰度较高的基因,重楼根际土壤中丰度较高的基因主要位于代谢层面,而珠子参根际土壤则是遗传信息处理层面的个别基因丰度较高,和KEGG功能基因丰度具有较高相关性的土壤因子与调控Chao1和ACE指数的土壤因子较为类似,说明细菌群落组成与基因功能紧密相关。此外,重楼和珠子参根际土壤均表现出次生盐渍化和温室气体排放增强的现象。     

Inheritance mode of microsatellite DNA markers and their use for kinship estimation in kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus

The allelic inheritance mode of microsatellite DNA markers was examined using seven copulated wild females and their offspring. Five microsatellite loci, CSPJ002 *, CSPJ010 *, CSPJ012 *, CSPJ014 *, and CSPJ015 *, were used in the study. At almost all family/locus combinations, one sire was determined and distributions of genotypes in offspring were consistent with the Mendelian segregation ratio. Distributions of genotypes were consistent with the ratio after assuming a null allele at some loci. Consequently, the alleles of CSPJ002 * and CSPJ012 * were inherited following the Mendelian inheritance mode in every family; however, the null allele was expected in CSPJ010 *, CSPJ014 *, and CSPJ015 * in some families. Thus, these loci should be used carefully in population genetic analysis, but siblings could be detected in the dendrograms based on unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPMGA).     

遮阴对珠子参生长发育及光合生理特性的影响

为探明遮阴对珠子参生长发育和光合生理特性的影响,对盆栽珠子参分别采取全光照、30%遮阴和50%遮阴3种处理。在珠子参生长90天后,考察各处理下珠子参植物学性状、生理指标和光合特性。结果表明,与全光照相比,30%遮阴处理下珠子参株高、主茎粗、果实数、根茎直径、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性增加,地下根茎节间长度和叶MDA含量减小。遮阴处理后珠子参净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)低于全光照处理,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则高于全光照处理。遮阴有效地缓解了珠子参的“午休”并降低了光抑制,其中,30%遮阴处理效果最显著,为珠子参的生长提供了较为适宜的环境。     

矮生沿阶草适宜液肥配方的初步研究

为加速矮生沿阶草的繁殖和推广,通过N、P、K 3因素不同配比施肥,研究不同NPK的配合施用对矮生沿阶草生长的影响。综合叶片生长速率、出叶速率、叶绿素含量、单位时间内新根发生数量、根系活力等测定结果认为,NPK适当配比才能促进其正常生长,处理N2P2K1、N2P2K2能较好地调节矮生沿阶草地上、地下生物量分配,促进植株快速生长。适宜矮生沿阶草生长的专用肥配方为N、P2O5、K2O按照7:3:（8~8.5）配比。     

种苗处理对麦冬生长的影响及其控病效果研究

为了明确种苗处理对麦冬生长的影响及其控病效果,指导麦冬优质安全生产.以川麦冬为供试材料,采用田间小区试验,研究了 6种药剂3种种苗处理方式对麦冬种苗成活、生长和产量的影响,以及对炭疽病、根腐病的控病效果.结果表明木霉T23制剂、多抗霉素和噁霉灵处理种苗,可显著提高麦冬种苗成活率,促进麦冬分蘖、增加块根数、使块根伸长增粗...     

植物花对称性发育研究的进展:从理论到应用的双重价值

以蝶型花亚科的百脉根（Lotus japonicus）为研究对象，罗达等研究组阐明了在豆科与其他物种基因组中调控花对称性发育的分子机制具有共源性（synapomorohy），揭示了在高等植物花形进化过程中，不同进化关系的开花植物独立地招募TCP基因，调控了两侧对称花发育过程中背腹轴的发育。在百脉根中的工作提示：对TCP基因进行遗传操作，可以定向改造花瓣的形态，表明花对称性分子机理的研究具有重要的应用价值。     

Dose-effect correlation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus

In order to prevent severe pollution by de-icing salt on greenery along urban roads, a half lethal dose （LD_50）for a plant population was confirmed through stress simulation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus, with an ianalysis of physiological changes, statistics on mortality rate on plant populations and mathematic modeling during a 30- day subacute toxicity test. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation in the early stages and a significant negative correlation in the later stages were observed between the amount of chlorophyll a and b in plants and a cumulative dose of de-icing salt. The amounts of free proline in plants and the dose of de-icing salt were positively correlated Over the entire period. No significant correlation in the initial stage, but a significant negative correlation in later stages was observed between the soluble protein and the dose of de-icing salt. LDs0 of this chloride agent on E. japonicus is 5 kg.（L·m2）-1 over 30 days.