Effect of fluazifop-p-butyl treatment on pigments and polyamines level within tissues of non-target maize plants

Fluazifop-p-butyl (FL) is one of the most popular graminicides from arylophenoxypropionate group. These herbicides act as inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) that catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA during metabolism of lipids and/or of some secondary compounds. On the other hand arylopropionates and cyclohexanediones cause phytotoxic effects by stimulating free-radicals generation and causing oxidative stress in susceptible plants. However, the importance of disturbances in plant pigments and polyamines accumulation for this effect is not clear. The aim of this work is to quantify the phytotoxicity of FL to non target maize plant and to explain how photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins (ANC) and polyamines participate in this interaction.     

红肉桃果实发育过程中色素和糖酸含量的变化

以红肉、白肉和黄肉3种不同果肉颜色的12份桃品种为材料分析成熟时果肉中花色苷的含量变化,结果表明,红肉桃与白肉、黄肉品种间花色苷含量差异显著,且红肉桃品种间的花色苷含量差异也很大。利用3个不同果肉颜色的桃品种进一步研究果实发育过程中色素及其相关物质的变化,结果表明,红肉桃品种天津水蜜在盛花后25d果肉中花色苷含量较高,而后逐渐减少;直至进入盛花后45d才缓慢回升,并在果实发育后期(盛花后86d)含量迅速增加;与此对应,该品种果皮在幼果期(盛花后35～45d)和果实发育后期(盛花后86d)2次出现红色,但果肉直到盛花后86d才明显变红;在整个果实发育过程中,天津水蜜果肉其它内含物的变化与白肉桃品种豫白和黄肉桃品种NJC83相似:叶绿素含量逐渐减少;类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖不断增加;可滴定酸前期上下波动变化,但近成熟时天津水蜜的可滴定酸显著高于其它2个品种。     

Dynamics of anthocyanin and flavonol profiles in the ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape berry skin during development and ripening

‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) do not develop adequate berry colour in different parts of the world including Australia and USA leading to serious economic losses to the growers. In the present study, various anthocyanins and flavonols were identified in the skin of the ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape berries using LC/PDA/ESI-MS and their changes in the berry skin during development and ripening of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape berries were investigated during 2005–2006 and 2006–2007. Eleven anthocyanins and two flavonols were identified in the berry skin using LC/PDA/ESI-MS. Of the anthocyanins identified, four anthocyanins including cyanidin 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside and malvidin 3-O-(6″-O-coumaroyl)-glucoside were not reported earlier. During both the years, the concentration of the 3-O-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin as well as the acetyl and coumaroyl esters of the 3-O-glucosides of cyanidin, peonidin, and malvidin in the berry skin increased during berry development and ripening. During 2006–2007, the concentration of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in the berry skin increased during the early stages of berry ripening and subsequently declined till harvest while in 2005–2006, the concentration increased during the initial phase of berry ripening and remained relatively stable thereafter till harvest. The concentration of total anthocyanins in the berry skin was higher during 2006–2007 as compared to 2005–2006. During both years, the concentration of quercetin 3-O-glucoside in the berry skin increased during berry development and ripening while the concentration of quercetin 3-O-glucuronide in the berry skin decreased during the same period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the evolution of different anthocyanins and flavonols in the ‘Crimson Seedless’ berry skin during berry development and ripening.     

花椰菜白色花球变紫代谢物的测定及主成分分析

花椰菜生产中低温、高温、水分或盐分胁迫等常常导致白色花球变紫,严重时甚至完全失去商品价值,给生产造成巨大损失,迄今为止花椰菜白色花球变紫的代谢产物尚不清楚.为了深入解析花椰菜白色花球变紫机制,利用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法测定了花椰菜花球变紫前后代谢物.共检测出10种花青素成分,白色花球样本间花青素含量差...     

桑椹成熟过程中酚类物质、总黄酮及花色苷含量的动态变化

以新选育的鲜食用果桑品种‘粤椹28’和全国种植面积较大的果桑品种‘粤椹大10’和‘塘10’为试材,研究不同发育时期桑椹果实中总酚类物质、总黄酮及花色苷的动态变化规律。结果表明:幼果期桑椹中含有较高含量的总酚类物质和总黄酮类物质,随着果实的成熟,合成速率逐渐减慢,全红期后又开始大量积累;花色苷从白熟期后开始合成,随着成熟度的增加,花色苷的合成速率加快,桑椹中的花色苷主要在全红期到紫黑期发育阶段合成,到紫黑期含量达到最大值;紫黑期‘粤椹28’桑椹中总酚类物质、总黄酮类物质及花色苷含量均高于‘粤椹大10’和‘塘10’。     

Preharvest application of abscisic acid promotes anthocyanins accumulation in pericarp of litchi fruit without adversely affecting postharvest quality

Pericarp colour of litchi fruit is an important quality attribute that determines its market value and consumer acceptance. Plant growth regulators (PGR) such as abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon are known to play important roles in peel colour development during maturation and ripening of non-climacteric fruits (e.g. grape and litchi). Our aim was to investigate the effects of preharvest application of ABA, ethephon and their combination on pericarp colour and fruit quality of litchi (cv. Calcuttia) and also to assess the potential effects on postharvest performance of fruit. Exogenous application of ABA (150 or 300 mg L⁻¹) at the colour-break stage significantly increased the concentration of total anthocyanins and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, the major anthocyanin contributing ∼71–96% of the total anthocyanins, in litchi pericarp compared to ethephon (500 μL L⁻¹). Among different anthocyanins quantified, the relative contribution of cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside to the total anthocyanins was significantly higher in all PGR-treated fruit compared to the control, but the concentration of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was specifically enhanced by ABA. No significant effect on the concentrations of epicatechin, and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside was observed in response to PGR treatments. Ethephon (500 μL L⁻¹) treatment did not significantly increase the anthocyanin levels in pericarp, but it caused more degradation of chlorophyll pigments than control. Aril quality with regard to firmness, soluble solids and acidity was not significantly affected by PGR treatments, except that ethephon-treated fruit showed significant softening and lower acidity. Postharvest changes in fruit quality attributes including pericarp browning during cold storage at 5 °C for 14 d were mainly related to the storage duration effect, rather than PGR treatment. In conclusion, ABA treatment (150 or 300 mg L⁻¹) at the colour-break stage enhanced anthocyanins accumulation in litchi pericarp without adversely affecting postharvest quality and storage stability for 14 d.     

山葡萄果实发育过程中花色苷含量变化研究

以山葡萄左红一果实为试材,应用HPLC-MS/MS技术,对山葡萄果实发育过程中花色苷种类及含量变化进行了研究。结果表明,转色期前果皮内没有花色苷积累,随着果实成熟,花色苷含量逐渐增加,成熟期含量最高;在山葡萄果实发育过程中检测出花色苷13种,其中双糖苷6种、单糖苷7种。     

Effect of phosphite fertilization on growth,yield and fruit composition of strawberries

Traditionally, phosphates (Pi, salts of phosphoric acid, H₃PO₄) have been used for plant fertilization, and phosphites (Phi, salts of phosphorous acid, H₃PO₃) have been used as fungicides. Nowadays several Phi fertilizers are available in the EU market despite the fact that in research trials Phi has often had a negative influence on plant growth. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of a Phi fertilizer on plant growth, yield and fruit composition of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Experiments were carried out with ‘Polka’ frigo plants in South Estonia in 2005 and 2006. The number of leaves per plant, total and marketable yields, fruit size, fruit ascorbic acid content (AAC), soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), anthocyanins (ACY) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were recorded.     

番石榴加工过程中花青素的稳定性研究

为探索番石榴加工过程中花青素的稳定性限制因素,以廉江本地番石榴为试材,研究pH、光照、温度、部分添加剂以及金属离子对番石榴果汁中花青素稳定性的影响。结果表明：番石榴果汁中花青素含量对pH、光和高温等情况比较敏感。Vc和蔗糖可以适当增加花青素的稳定性,但苯甲酸钠对花青素稳定性影响不显著。Na 、K 、Cu2 对果汁中花青素的稳定性无显著影响;而Fe3 、浓度达到0.10mol/L的Ca2 及浓度大于0.05mol/L的Mg2 有降低蓝莓花青素稳定性的效果。     

HPLC测定紫玉米中花青素的含量

建立紫玉米中花青素的高效液相色谱检测方法。紫玉米中的花青素经过酸化乙醇溶液超声加热提取,使花青素水解为一些常见的花色素。选用高效液相色谱仪,以1%甲酸水溶液和1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在530 nm 波长处对6 种常见花色素(飞燕草色素,矢车菊色素,矮牵牛色素,天竺葵色素,芍药色素,锦葵色素)进行定量检测。结果表明,在浓度为0.2 mg/L～100 mg/L 范围内,6 种花色素与响应值呈线性关系,分别获得标准曲线方程及相关系数,r²＞0.99; 6 种花色素的平均回收率在88 %～106 %,RSD 值在0.5 %～3.9 %。