花色苷保健功能的研究进展

花色苷是一类广泛存在于果蔬中的水溶性色素,具有多种生物活性,在老年退化性疾病以及其他疾病的预防上都起着重要的作用。作为一种功能性天然色素,花色苷是目前国内外功能食品成分研究中的一个热点。结合花色苷的结构特点,综述了花色苷清除自由基、抗氧化的途径,在预防心血管疾病、老年痴呆症、高血糖,抗癌,抗炎等方面的作用,并在此基础上对其作用机制和构效关系,对花色苷研究和应用中存在的问题和前景进行了探讨。     

Determination of oil palm fresh fruit bunch ripeness—Based on flavonoids and anthocyanin content

Non-destructive and real-time oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) grading systems are of major exploratory concern for researchers in the oil palm industry. The objective is to reduce time, labour, costs, and most importantly, to increase the oil extraction rate, in order to achieve a good quality of palm oil at a more acceptable price. This research investigates the potential of flavonoids and anthocyanins as a predictor to classify the degree of oil palm FFB ripeness. This paper also discusses the relationship between these predictors and the ripeness categories period. One hundred and eighty oil palm FFB samples were collected from a private plantation in Malaysia, according to three maturity categories i.e., ripe, under-ripe, and over-ripe. Each sample was randomly scanned 10 times, both front and back using a hand-held Multiplex^®3 multi-parameter fluorescence sensor. The results show that flavonoid and anthocyanin content decreased from immature to over mature oil palm FFBs. Overall, the relationship using Pearson's correlation between flavonoids and anthocyanins was r² = 0.84 and the most outstanding relationship accuracy was at the over-ripe stage, at 90%. Statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pair-wise testing proved that both predictors gave significance difference between under-ripe, ripe, and over-ripe maturity categories. This shows that both predictors can be good indicators to classify oil palm FFB. Classification analysis was performed by using both predictors together and separately through several methods. The highest overall classification accuracy was 87.7% using a Stochastic Gradient Boosting Trees model and with both predictors. The other classification methods used either independent or both predictors together and gave various results ranging from 50 to 85% accuracy. This research proves that flavonoids and anthocyanins can be used as predictors of oil palm maturity classification.     

大孔树脂纯化红芸豆种皮花色苷

[目的]研究大孔树脂柱层析法纯化红芸豆种皮花色苷的条件并对纯化产物进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析。[方法]通过静态吸附和解吸试验比较了AB-8、D101、SP825、NKA-9、XAD-16和HPD100这6种不同类型大孔树脂对红芸豆种皮花色苷的吸附和洗脱性能,优化了AB-8树脂纯化红芸豆种皮花色苷的工艺,HPLC对比分析纯化产物与粗提物。[结果]AB-8大孔树脂对红芸豆种皮花色苷吸附和洗脱性能较好,最佳上样流速为3.0 BV/h。最佳洗脱条件为pH 1.0、100%乙醇作为洗脱液,洗脱流速为4.5 BV/h,得到的花色苷纯度达86.05%。HPLC检测结果表明纯化效果明显。[结论]AB-8大孔树脂可有效分离红芸豆种皮花色苷。     

葡萄花色苷检测技术及抗氧化作用研究进展

为了进一步分析葡萄所含花色苷种类及功能,为相关研究者花色苷提纯鉴定及功能性研究等提供思路,本研究系统总结了葡萄花色苷提纯、定性定量鉴定及抗氧化作用,发现葡萄花色苷资源丰富,具有很强的抑制氧化修饰作用,可以从根本上清除DPPH、O2-·、·OH、H2O2等活性自由基,同时,对脂质过氧化有较好的抑制作用,部分种类可以有效减少动脉粥样硬化、心脑血管疾病、肝脏损伤、急性肺损伤等疾病的发生。而在提纯方式方面,得出超声波辅助溶剂提取法具有提取率高、时间短、能耗小等优点,提取工艺具有广阔的应用前景;HPLC-MS法是葡萄花色苷定性鉴定中使用最广泛的分析方法,可以准确检测出葡萄中所含花色苷的种类、含量和比例。因此,建议在提纯鉴定过程中要综合联用溶剂提取、超声波辅助溶剂提取、酶法提纯、HPLC-MS法等提纯鉴定方法。     

桃叶片中花青苷含量与叶绿素含量的相关关系

 测定‘筑波3 号’桃(叶红色) 和山桃(叶绿色) 叶中花青苷和叶绿素含量的结果表明: 随着叶位的升高, 筑波3 号叶中花青苷与叶绿素b 的含量均升高; 而山桃叶中花青苷含量几乎为0 , 叶绿素b含量无变化。叶绿素b 含量与花青苷含量呈极显著正相关(P<0. 001 ) 。测定单位面积叶片紫外光和可见光吸收能力的结果表明, 二者的紫外光吸收能力相近, 而筑波3 号的绿光吸收能力大大强于山桃。     

葡萄皮渣花色苷的提取研究

以葡萄皮渣为原料,利用超声波辅助提取法对葡萄皮渣中花色苷的提取条件进行了研究。单因素试验和正交试验结果表明,在提取温度为70℃,提取液乙醇浓度为60%,pH为0.5的条件下,超声波辅助提取葡萄皮渣花色苷的效果最佳。     

夏黑葡萄花色苷定性检测及组成成分分析

为研究夏黑葡萄花色苷的组成成分特点,本试验以夏黑葡萄皮为检测试材,以甲酸水溶液提取花色苷,利用高效液相色谱+飞行时间质谱和液质联用仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对夏黑葡萄未知花色苷的种类与含量进行测定。结果表明,夏黑葡萄成熟期果皮中检测到10种不同结构的花色苷,其糖苷主要以葡糖苷为主,但也存在鼠李糖苷、二葡糖苷。10种花色苷中有3种以锦葵色素为糖苷配基,有2种以芍药素为糖苷配基,有2种以飞燕草色素配基。其中锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷在总的花色苷含量中比例最大,为29%,其次是锦葵色素-3-(6-香豆基)-5-葡萄糖苷,所含比例为26%,芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷第3位,为17%,飞燕草色素-３-葡糖苷第4位,为10%,锦葵素-3-葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷第5位,为9%。可见,夏黑葡萄含有花色苷资源相当丰富,自然界中常见的6种基本花色苷,夏黑葡萄占有3种。     

Anthocyanins attenuates hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in non-alcoho-lic fatty liver disease mice

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect of anthocyanins from Fructus Acanthophorae on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice and the potential mechanism. METHODS:NAFLD mouse model was established by high-fat diet, and interferred with anthocyanins. The liver weight, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density li-poprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. The liver tissues were staining with HE, Oil Red O and Masson's trichrome. The protein levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 in the liver tissues were determined by Western blot. The liver macrophage, white blood cell and mononuclear cell infiltration was detected by immunohistochemical method. The chemokines CCL7 and MCP-1 were also measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS:Anthocyanins significantly inhibited the increases in the liver weight, ALT, AST, TG, TC and LDL-C induced by high-fat diet. Anthocyanins attenuated the liver fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by high-fat diet, and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and inflammatory chemokines CCL7 and MCP-1 in the liver tissues. CONCLUSION:Anthocyanins significantly alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused by high-fat diet though reducing inflammatory factors, inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory chemokines.     

茶树培养细胞花色苷累积型与非累积型株系间的差异性研究

从细胞生长、色素和儿茶素等次生产物组成与含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性以及产物合成动态分析等几方面 ,研究比较了积累色素与不积累色素的两类茶树培养细胞系之间的差异。发现积累色素的细胞系中 ,儿茶素与原花色素的形成能力也得到了大幅度提高 ,且与苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性无关。这一结果表明 ,茶树高产细胞系筛选中 ,可采用细胞色泽为指标 ,使筛选工作得以简化。     

Effect of fluazifop-p-butyl treatment on pigments and polyamines level within tissues of non-target maize plants

Fluazifop-p-butyl (FL) is one of the most popular graminicides from arylophenoxypropionate group. These herbicides act as inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) that catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA during metabolism of lipids and/or of some secondary compounds. On the other hand arylopropionates and cyclohexanediones cause phytotoxic effects by stimulating free-radicals generation and causing oxidative stress in susceptible plants. However, the importance of disturbances in plant pigments and polyamines accumulation for this effect is not clear. The aim of this work is to quantify the phytotoxicity of FL to non target maize plant and to explain how photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins (ANC) and polyamines participate in this interaction.