Thermal degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds from black rice flour (Oryza sativa L.) extracts

The effect of thermal processing on the degradation of the phytochemicals in black rice flour by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and degradation kinetics was investigated. In order to investigate the influence of food matrices, a comparative analysis between integral rice flour and different fractions was performed. The preliminary compositional results suggested a higher content in phytochemicals in fraction four of the seven fractions of black rice flour, which was sifting through a sieve with a diameter of 180 μm. The compositional complexity was highlighted by fluorescence spectroscopy. The heat-treatment caused structural changes that led to red- or blue-shifts in maximum emission. The first-order kinetic model was used to describe the mechanism of degradation. The activation energies were 10.07 ± 1.04 kJ/mol for total polyphenolic, 7.26 ± 0.58 kJ/mol for total monomeric anthocyanins and 6.71 ± 1.12 kJ/mol for antioxidant activity in case of integral flour extract. For fraction four extract obtained by, the E_a values were: 3.51 ± 0.53 kJ/mol, 11.49 ± 1.47 kJ/mol, 15.80 ± 1.50 kJ/mol and 19.91 ± 3.27 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated values of the activation energy revealed higher temperature dependence of total polyphenols in integral flour and of antioxidant activity in fraction four, respectively.     

Growth and Fruit Chemical Characteristics of Blackberry (Rubus Fruticosus) Cultivated with Vermicompost,Glomus Mosseae and Phosphate Rock

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of vermicompost (V) and phosphate rock (PR) on blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. agg.) plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe (AMF). Plant growth parameters, total phenol compounds and total flavonoids were evaluated on leaves. Anthocyanin contents, soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA ratio was evaluated in blackberries fruits. Blackberry plants were obtained from cuttings from field plants, which were distributed in soil according to a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Treatments were vermicompost (10?g plant^?1), phosphate rock (1?g plant^?1), Glomus mosseae (AMF), (1?g plant^?1), PR + AMF, V + PR, V +AMF, V + PR+ AMF and control without any amended. Plant height and stem diameter were measured five months after treatments, while total phenols and total flavonoids in leaves were evaluated eight months later. Anthocyanins, SS, pH, and TA were determined in blackberry fruits ten months after. Plant height was not statistically affected (p≤0.05), although total phenol compounds were higher (21.1?mg g^?1 dry plant) in the V+PR+AMF treatment, whereas the V + AMF treatment produced more dry plant total flavonoids (1.4?mg g^?1), compared with control plants. Blackberries produced with the vermicompost treatment had more anthocyanins (9.54?mg g^?1) than control plants. Soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity were not statistically (p≤0.05) affected by any treatment.     

心里美萝卜维生素C与花青苷的相关分析

对65份心里美萝卜的维生素C与花青苷进行相关分析,结果表明,心里美萝卜维生素C含量与花青苷含量呈极显著相关(r=0.3654,P<0.01);回归处理后,得线性方程式:Y=17.06+7.31X,回归关系达极显著水平(F=9.6460,P<0.01).此结果说明由花青苷含量(X)估计维生素C含量(Y)有一定的可靠性.     

外源NO和H2O2诱导不同颜色马铃薯花青素积累

以不同块茎颜色马铃薯品种陇薯8号、陇薯7号、LC310-2和山东彩肉为材料,研究外源NO、H2O2、NO+H2O2处理对淀粉积累期马铃薯块茎花青素合成及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明：经外源NO和H2O2处理后,4个基因型马铃薯薯皮和薯肉花青素含量均升高,PAL、PPO和CHI活性增强|诱导效果为0.1 mmol·L-1 SNP（NO的供体）+0.25 mmol·L-1 H2O2＞0.25 mmol·L-1 H2O2＞0.1 mmol·L-1 SNP＞清水（CK）,说明NO和H2O2处理对马铃薯花青素合成具有一定的促进作用,且表现为加性效应。     

Effect of sustained deficit irrigation on physicochemical properties,bioactive compounds and postharvest life of pomegranate fruit (cv. ‘Mollar de Elche’)

In this study, the influence of sustained deficit irrigation (SDI; 32% of reference evapotranspiration (ET₀)) on physicochemical and sensory quality and bioactive compounds of pomegranates stored for 30, 60 and 90 days in air at 5 °C + 4 days at 15 °C, at each storage period, was studied and compared to a control (100% ET₀). Fruit from SDI had higher peel redness and greater firmness, soluble solids contents, vitamin C (27%), phloretin (98%) and protocatechuic acid (10%) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (46%) than the control. Cold storage and shelf-life did not induce significant changes in soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and chroma and Hue. SDI fruit had retarded development of chilling injury (CI) symptoms, which appeared after 60 days of storage in comparison to 30 days in the controls. Anthocyanins, catechin, phloretin and protocatechuic, caffeic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids contents had greater increases in SDI fruit than in controls throughout the postharvest life. TAC was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated to anthocyanins, gallic acid and total vitamin C contents. Generally, after long term storage, the fruit grown under SDI showed higher sensory and nutritional quality, more health attributes and a longer shelf-life (up to 90 days at 5 °C + 4 at 15 °C) than fruit irrigated at 100% ET₀.     

中国引进蔓越桔品种的花色苷特征及遗传多样性分析

蔓越桔是一类富含花青素的小浆果,但其花色苷组分及含量尚不清楚。为明确中国目前引进蔓越桔品种的花色苷及遗传多样性特征,本研究以9个蔓越桔栽培品种为试验材料,采用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC-DAD)对其花色苷进行定性与定量分析,同时根据花色苷含量特征对蔓越桔品种进行聚类分析。色谱分析结果表明,9个蔓越桔品种总花色苷含量变化范围为9.140 3~34.620 2 mg/100g,且均含有6种单体花色苷;方差分析结果显示,不同品种总花色苷含量以及单体花色苷比例之间均存在差异显著性。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,9个品种在相对距离为5的水平上,可将其分成3个类群,第Ⅰ类群为‘史蒂文’,第Ⅱ类群为‘森特维尔’,第Ⅲ类群包含‘博蔓’、‘奥斯通’和‘克劳利’等7个品种,该研究将为蔓越桔品种的加工和利用提供科学依据。     

Strawberry fruit quality attributes after application of plant growth stimulating compounds

Strawberry plants cv. Camarosa were treated with different plant growth stimulators, in order to examine their effect on both yield and product quality. The treatments comprised an untreated control and a mixture of a seaweed extract plus a commercial mixture of nitrophenolates and a commercial mixture of an auxin (phenothiol) plus gibberellic acid at two dose rates. The plant growth stimulators increased marketable yield and fruit size, while they had no significant impact on fruit juice pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids concentration. Furthermore, they had no significant effect on fruit organic acid and carbohydrate concentration and on fruit color, although they enhanced total anthocyanin concentration. The antioxidant activity of the fruit juice was slightly higher in the fruits of control treatment, which could be the result of their higher total phenol, o-diphenol, flavonoid and flavanol concentration. When a taste panel took place, the panelists gave the best score to those fruits deriving from plants treated with the mixture of auxin plus gibberellic acid.     

八种紫甘薯资源原花青素相对含量的比较

探讨不同提取剂和不同物料比对紫甘薯原花青素提取的影响,并比较不同紫甘薯品种原花青素含量的差异。分别用5%的柠檬酸和95%乙醇（1%盐酸）作为提取剂,同时设不同物料比,采用分光光度计比色法测定甘薯原花青素相对浓度,结果表明,不同的提取剂和不用的物料比所测得的甘薯原花青素相对浓度有差异但差异不显著。用5%的柠檬酸作为提取剂,物料比为1:25,测定8种紫色甘薯资源中原花青素相对浓度,结果表明品种间中原花青素含量差异显著,其中原花青素相对浓度最高的是渝紫1号。     

BRA-90花青素的生物活性研究

旨在探讨BRA-90花青素对肝损伤具有一定的保护作用和抗氧化作用,建立了一次性力竭游泳运动模型,采用邻苯三酚法检测各组小鼠肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,分析比较给药组和对照组肝脏指标变化情况。结论得出BRA-90花青素具有一定抗氧化作用,为BRA-90花青素在各方面的进一步应用和开发提供实验依据。     

龙葵果提取物抗氧化活性测定及酚类活性成分分析

[目的]比较不同龙葵果提取物的抗氧化活性,同时测定其活性成分.[方法]用浓度60％乙醇浸提龙葵果,获得粗提物,减压蒸馏后分别用正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿3种溶剂萃取,采用DPPH·、·OH,O2-·清除法对各提取物的抗氧化作用进行评价,并与浓度60％乙醇粗提物溶液进行比较;分别测定4种龙葵果提取物中酚酸、黄酮、原花青素和花色苷的含量.[结果]浓度60％乙醇粗提物对DPPH·和·OH的清除效果最好,清除率分别为（68.45％±2.68％）和（49.12％±2.26％）;乙酸乙酯萃取物对O2-·的清除率最大为（79.64％±5.16％）.浓度60％乙醇粗提物中花色苷浓度为3.65 mg/ml,而乙酸乙酯萃取物中含有高浓度黄酮,浓度为3.42 mg/ml.[结论]龙葵果提取物中起主要抗氧化作用的是花色苷和黄酮.