Canine complete blood counts: a comparison of four in‐office instruments with the ADVIA 120 and manual differential counts

Background: With more use of bench‐top in‐office hematology analyzers, the accuracy of reported values is increasingly important. Instruments use varied methods for cell counting and differentiation, and blood smears may not always be examined. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare canine CBC results using 4 bench‐top instruments (Hemavet 950, Heska CBC‐Diff, IDEXX LaserCyte, and IDEXX VetAutoread) with ADVIA 120 and manual leukocyte counts. Methods: EDTA‐anticoagulated canine blood samples (n=100) were analyzed on each instrument. Manual differentials were based on 100‐cell counts. Linear regression, difference plots, paired t‐tests, and estimation of diagnostic equivalence were used to analyze results. Results: Correlations of HCT, WBC, and platelet counts were very good to excellent between all in‐office instruments and the ADVIA 120, but results varied in accuracy (comparability). Hemavet 950 and Heska CBC‐Diff results compared best with ADVIA results and manual leukocyte differentials. HCT and platelet counts on the IDEXX VetAutoread compared well with those from the ADVIA. Except for neutrophil counts, leukocyte differentials from all instruments compared poorly with ADVIA and manual counts. Reticulocyte counts on the LaserCyte and VetAutoread compared poorly with those from the ADVIA. Conclusions: The Hemavet 950 and Heska CBC‐Diff performed best of the 4 analyzers we compared. HCT, WBC, and platelet counts on the LaserCyte had minimally sufficient comparability for diagnostic use. Except for neutrophils (granulocytes), leukocyte differential counts were unreliable on all in‐office analyzers. Instruments with a 5‐part leukocyte differential provided no added benefit over a 3‐part differential. Assessment of erythrocyte regeneration on the LaserCyte and VetAutoread was unreliable compared with the ADVIA 120.     

新疆焉耆马血液生理指标的测定

运用美国雅培公司生产的CD1200型全自动血液分析仪,对21匹健康新疆焉耆马进行红细胞、白细胞、血小板等15项指标的测定.目前我国关于马血液指标的报道很少,对新疆焉耆地区的马血液指标未见有相关的报道,其测定结果可供兽医临床参考.     

The use of cytochemistry,immunophenotyping, flow cytometry,and in vitro differentiation to determine the ontogeny of a canine monoblastic leukemia

We evaluated the utility of cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, and in vitro culture with forced differentiation of leukemic cells as diagnostic aids to identify the malignant cell ontogeny in a dog with leukemia. A tentative diagnosis of monoblastic leukemia was established by microscopic examination of Romanowsky-stained blood smears and bone marrow aspirate smears. This diagnosis also was supported by the light scatter signature that identified the blast cells as large, non-granular monocytic cells using a CellDyn 3500 automated hematology analyzer; as well as by the detection of N-butyrate esterase and the lack of choloroacetate esterase or leukocyte peroxidase by cytochemical staining. Subsequently, leukemic cells were isolated from the dog's peripheral blood and placed into tissue culture or cryopreserved. The leukemic cells grew in suspension cultures and proliferated spontaneously for up to 4 days. By day 7, proliferation was negligible. Upon culture with conditioned supernatant using mitogen-stimulated human T cells as a source of cytokines, an increased proportion of cells entered S phase by day 2 of culture; however, proliferation declined markedly by day 4, at which time the cells had apparently differentiated to adherent, vacuolated macrophages. The cytokine-stimulated leukemic cells were positive for the monocyte/macrophage specific markers alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, CD14, MHC class II, and calprotectin, an antigen found in differentiated macrophages and granulocytes. Despite the strong tendency of the leukemic cells towards monocytic differentiation, our results suggested that they retained some features of a myelomonocytic precursor. These data show that cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, and in vitro differentiation of canine leukemia cells are useful tools for confirming the lineage of malignant hematopoietic cells.     

Stability of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in bovine and equine sera

Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in 10 cows and nine horses were measured using an automated clinical analyzer. The serum samples were divided into aliquots that were stored at room temperature (21 degrees C), refrigerated (0-5 degrees C), or frozen (-30 degrees C). The stability of the SDH activity was monitored at various intervals. SDH activity in bovine sera remained stable for at least 5 hours at room temperature, 24 hours refrigerated, and 72 hours frozen without any significant (p < 0.05) differences from the initial serum values. In equine sera, SDH activity remained stable for at least 5 hours at room temperature and 48 hours frozen. The activity of the refrigerated equine sera was stable for at least 5 hours but less than 24 hours. An evaluation of fresh bovine serum and heparinized plasma samples indicated that there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two sampling methods and that either may be employed for automated measurement of SDH activity following the established protocol. Sample type comparison indicated that there was a small but statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference between the results obtained comparing fresh serum and heparinized plasma samples for the horse. A reference range for Holstein cows was established using sera from 71 clinically healthy cattle (mean -/+ 2 SD = 32 -/+ 26 U/L).     

馒头品质评价方法探析

以参加陕西省1999／2000年度区域试验的19个小麦品系为试验材料，在对其籽粒品质性状和馒头品质的感官评价与质构仪测试的基础上，通过相关分析对馒头品质评价方法、评价指标进行了探讨。研究结果表明，评价馒头品质的主要感官指标为色泽、外观形状；度量指标为体积；质构仪测试指标主要为弹性和回复性；当馒头的感官品质及度量体积较好时，质构仪测试的弹性和回复性数值越高，馒头品质越好。     

河北省主推中低筋小麦品种的馒头加工品质研究

为了解河北省中低筋小麦品种的籽粒品质和馒头加工品质、评选优质馒头小麦品种,对河北省19个主推中低筋小麦品种的籽粒品质和馒头加工品质进行了测定。结果表明,除容重、出粉率、面粉色泽L*值、面粉白度、籽粒蛋白质含量、糊化温度、吸水率外,河北省主栽中低筋小麦品种品质性状的遗传变异范围较大,19个参试小麦品种馒头综合评分平均为78.4分,变化范围67.8~85.7分;达到良好馒头标准(80~90分)的共有9个品种,分别为良星66、石优17、石新828、良星99、科麦1号、永麦1号、邢麦4号、济麦22、和冀丰703。馒头高度与拉伸曲线面积、拉伸阻力、P值和W值极显著正相关,与稳定时间显著正相关;馒头评分与P值和W值极显著正相关;馒头比容与稳定时间、粉质质量指数、拉伸曲线面积、延伸度、拉伸阻力、P值、G值和W值负相关。馒头评分与馒头坚实度极显著负相关,与馒头硬度显著负相关,说明馒头坚实度对馒头感官品质影响较大。     

城市绿地园林树种叶面积指数测定方法研究——以小叶榕为例

分别采用半球面影像技术和LAI-2000冠层分析仪对华南地区最常用园林树种小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa)的叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)进行测定、比较和分析。研究表明,2种测量仪器所测LAI值存在极显著正相关(P<0.001);用半球面影像技术测量的LAI值与冠幅、胸径和树高之间也存在极显著一元线性关系,构建回归模型分别为:LAI=0.0444Cw+1.6526,LAI=0.0088D+1.8327,LAI=0.0543H+1.6404;通过模型可估测小叶榕单株的叶面积指数,达到95%的置信区间的估测值范围。     

松木粉加压热解气化动力学特性

为了研究松木粉的加压气化特性,在加压热天平上分别进行了N_2、CO_2+N_2气氛下松木粉加压热解/气化试验,使用Malek法推断最概然机理,研究了反应压力与对热解/气化特性和动力学参数的影响。结果表明:压力对松木粉热解/气化过程有显著影响。N_2气氛下,压力的增大抑制了挥发分的析出,最大失质量由73.8%减小至71.4%;Malek法推断出二级反应级数和随机成核分别为加压热解第1、第2段最概然机理;热解第一段活化能由压力为0时41.15 k J/mol增大至0.9 MPa时的52.41 k J/mol。在CO_2+N_2气氛下,热解阶段压力的增大抑制挥发分的析出;半焦气化阶段,压力的增大促进气化反应的进行,使失质量速率峰值由0.101%/K增大至0.162%/K,且出现温度降低;二维扩散(圆柱形对称)为加压气化最概然机理;随着压力的提高,在碳转化率较高时,半焦CO_2气化速率逐渐提高。该文结果可为生物质的高效、清洁利用提供参考依据。     

质构仪穿透法测定肉制品嫩度的研究

为了量化评定肉制品的食用物理特性——嫩度,试验以猪和牛不同部位的肌肉为材料,使用高精度TA-X12质构仪,模拟口腔咀嚼肌肉的穿透方法,测定了不同肌肉的穿透曲线。并比较分析了不同肌肉的穿透参数(包括3个极值点Y₁,Y₂,Y₃,恒定值Y₄和曲线所包围的面积Y₅),与感官品评嫩度值之间的相关关系。结果表明：质构仪穿透法测得的第一个极值点(Y₁)与猪和牛不同部位的肌肉的感官品评嫩度值相关系数分别为0.9784和0.9984,呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),穿透法第一极值点(Y₁)可作为猪肉、牛肉肉制品的嫩度测定量化参数。     

小麦冠层营养诊断光谱检测仪设计与试验

为了快速准确获取田间作物生长营养水平信息,设计了作物冠层营养诊断光谱检测仪,并进行了小麦大田测试。系统由光学传感器,信号采集驱动模块和控制器组成。光学传感器可测量300~1 100 nm范围内连续光谱,信号采集驱动模块用于提供稳定电压以及数据的A/D转换。开发了光谱采集控制软件安装于控制器,主要功能包括接收、处理、显示和存储采集到的数据。应用该仪器进行了标定试验,并针对大田冬小麦开展了大田试验,试验结果表明该仪器所测反射率与美国ASD FieldSpec HandHeld 2光谱辐射仪所测的反射率之间具有较高的相关性,相关系数最低为0.991 8。分析了冬小麦叶绿素含量指标SPAD值与仪器所测反射率之间的相关性。选出相关性较高的550~900 nm波段进行主成分分析建立叶绿素预测模型,建模 R 2 C 为0.575,模型检验 R 2 V 为0.595。结果表明利用研发的便携式光谱检测仪能有效评估小麦营养叶绿素含量,为小麦的精细栽培提供理论与技术支持。