我国省际农林高等院校科技资源配置效率分析

基于2010~2012年各省农林高等院校的面板数据,以DEA方法测算农林高等院校的科技资源配置效率,结合各省农业总产值情况找出制约我国省际农林高等院校科技资源配置效率的关键因素。研究表明,我国省际农林高等院校科技资源的配置过程受到自上而下的各种考核制度牵引、人力资源投入结构的失衡、科技资源集中度与农业产业集中度不匹配、高校的科技园区有短板效应因素的影响。因而,要综合运用市场、政府和社会3种资源配置方式,通过3个层面的制度变迁,实现省际农林高等院校科技资源优化配置。     

河北省农林科学院人才结构现状分析

介绍了河北省农林科学院人才现状,并对其存在的主要问题进行了分析,提出了解决措施,以期为其他科研单位壮大人才队伍、提高科研能力提供借鉴。     

The effect of situational variability in climate and soil, choice of animal type and N fertilisation level on nitrogen leaching from pastoral farming systems around Lake Taupo, New Zealand

Agricultural systems with grazing animals are increasingly under scrutiny for their contribution to quality degradation of waterways and water bodies. Soil type, climate, animal type and nitrogen (N) fertilisation are contributors to the variation in N that is leached through the soil profile into ground and surface water. It is difficult to explore the effect of these factors using experimentation only and modelling is proposed as an alternative. An agro-ecosystem model, EcoMod, was used to quantify the pastoral ecosystem responses to situational variability in climate and soil, choice of animal type and N fertilisation level within the Lake Taupo region of New Zealand. Factorial combinations of soil type (Oruanui and Waipahihi), climate (low, moderate and high rainfall), animal type (sheep, beef and dairy) and N fertilisation level (0 or 60 kg N/ha/yr) were simulated. High rainfall climates also had colder temperatures, grew less pasture and carried fewer animals overall which lead to less dung and urinary N returned. Therefore, even though a higher proportion of N returned ultimately leached at the higher rainfall sites, the total N leached did not differ greatly between sites. Weather variation between years had a marked influence on N leaching within a site, due to the timing and magnitude of rainfall events. In this region, for these two highly permeable soil types, N applied as fertiliser had a high propensity to leach, either after being taken up by plants, grazed and returned to the soil as dung and urine, or due to direct flow through the soil profile. Soil type had a considerable effect on N leaching risk, the timing of N leaching and mean pasture production. Nitrogen leaching was greatest from beef cattle, followed by dairy and sheep with the level of leaching related to urine deposition patterns for each animal type and due to the amount of N returned to the soil as excreta. Simulation results indicate that sheep farming systems with limited fertiliser N inputs will reduce N leaching from farms in the Lake Taupo catchment.     

和谐社会视域下农业生产力发展路径选择

以研究社会主义和谐社会建设对农业生产力发展的要求为切入点,分析了我国农业生产力发展中存在的问题,提出了在和谐社会视域下促进我国农业生产力发展的相关对策.     

创意农业对现代农业发展重要性的研究

文章从创意农业的基本理论出发,结合中国国情,论述了创意农业是现代农业的一个发展方向,符合经济社会发展和现代农业发展的需要,是解决＂三农＂问题的一个突破口,是现代农业发展的策动力,是提高人民生活水平和丰富人民生活内容的捷径。     

知识经济与新的农业科技革命

科技创新是知识经济发展的动力源,推进新的农业科技革命,把握农业科技革命的内容,确定天津农业科技发展的方向与重点,对发展农业知识经济,实现农业现代化具有重要作用。本文提出了迎接知识经济时代到来,推进天津新的农业科技革命应采取的对策建议。     

基于典型相关的我国农业投入与产出分析

选取有效灌溉面积、农用化肥施用量、农村用电量、农用机械总动力作为我国农业的投入变量,而谷类、豆类、烟叶、油料和水果产量作为农业产出变量,采用2010年《中国统计年鉴》中的数据,基于典型相关分析方法对我国农业的投入与产出进行了研究。结果表明,农用化肥施用量对我国农业产出的影响最大,其次为农用机械总动力的投入;我国农业的产出典型变量主要受谷类、油料和水果的影响;从所选变量来看,我国谷类、油料和水果产量的增加主要是由化肥和机械投入的增加所引起,它们呈现高度相关性。针对所得结论,提出了应逐步减少化肥的使用量、增加现代化农业机械的使用、增加农业灌溉投入的政策建议。     

浅谈对县级农业信息化发展的思考

现代信息技术正在向农业领域渗透，将在农业现代化过程中起到重要的作用。农业经济的迅速发展，已不再是仅仅取决于传统农业资源投入的多少，而很大程度上取决于信息技术运用的程度和信息的获取及利用程度。信息化是当代农业现代化的标志和关键，它主导着未来一个时期农业现代化的方向，农业信息技术应用示范将促进农业经济迅速发展，是增加农民收入的重要途径。     

河北农业大学农业高新科技示范园区运行机制及管理模式探索

河北农业大学农业高新科技示范园区是省级农业综合开发重点项目,是以河北农业大学为技术主体,以定州德胜农林有限公司为基础条件,利用专项资金建设的农业高新技术园区。园区采用“市场导向,科技主导,企业运作,产业经营”的发展模式,实施有效的利益分配及运行机制来调动各方积极性。园区建设3年来,取得了明显进展,起到了较强的示范和带动作用。