辣木叶多糖对过氧化氢诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)在奶牛泌乳期代谢旺盛,导致活性氧(ROS)大量产生,从而诱发氧化应激.辣木叶多糖(MLP)能有效清除ROS和自由基,但其是否具有缓解BMECs氧化损伤的潜力尚不清楚.因此,本文以MLP为添加剂,探究其对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导BMECs氧化损伤的保护作用.本试验首先将分离的BMECs置于含...     

干旱胁迫对番茄活性氧代谢的影响

干旱胁迫导致番茄叶片ＲＷＣ、Ｃｈｌ和可溶性蛋白质含量下降，质膜透性和ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性提高．短期干旱胁迫可提高叶片ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性．４ｄ以内的干旱胁迫后复水，ＲＷＣ、Ｃｈｌ和可溶性蛋白质含量升高，清除活性氧保护酶ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ和ＣＡＴ的活性显著提高，抗氧化物质ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ的水平得到恢复，ＭＤＡ得到清除，自动氧化速率降低，重新建立了活性氧产生与清除的平衡系统，ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性降低，膜系统的损伤得到修复，透性降低，恢复了原有正常的生理代谢机能．长期干旱胁迫导致叶片清除活性氧的平衡体系受到破坏，ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性以及ＡｓＡ和ＧＳＨ的含量下降，膜脂过氧化加剧，自动氧化速率提高，ＭＤＡ积累，影响番茄正常代谢，从而加速衰老进程     

酶的提取及其催化活性研究

[目的]酪氨酸酶是一种多酚氧化酶,具有广泛用途,因此对酪氨酸酶的研究受到广泛重视。[方法]试验以 pH=7.2的 Na2HPO4-HCl缓冲溶液为体系,用分光光度计在480nm处测定土豆提取液的吸光度,以吸光度对时间的变化率(ΔA/Δt)为反应速率,建立多巴溶液的转换动力学曲线,从而可计算出酪氨酸酶的活性。[结果]结果显示在此波长下,以 pH=7.2的Na2HPO4-HCl缓冲溶液为体系,对测定体系干扰小,所测数据波动小,酪氨酸酶的活性稳定性高,为进一步确定和研究影响酪氨酸酶活性的因素提供理论依据。[结论]该试验以缓冲溶液为底物研究和测定酪氨酸酶的催化活性,准确度高,效果佳。     

SODM对水稻结实期叶片中保护性酶系的影响

[目的]探明超氧化物歧化酶模拟物(SODM)对水稻结实期体内保护性酶活性的影响。[方法]采用杂交稻和常规稻品种为材料,对它们喷施SODM后测定水稻叶片保护酶系活性与抗坏血酸、丙二醛、过氧化氢和活性氧自由基含量。[结果]SODM处理能够显著增加水稻结实期叶片中SOD、POD及CAT活性,使叶片中MDA、SO2-和H2O2含量维持在较低水平,减轻水稻被过氧化程度。[结论]SODM提高了植物体内抗氧化保护酶活性及其清除活性氧自由基的能力,进而延缓水稻的衰老,增强了结实中后期叶片光合作用产生的能力,有助于提高水稻的产量及品质。     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces IL-1β production through activating NLRP3 inflammasome by ROS in RAW264.7 cells

AIM: To investigate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp)-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in RAW264.7 cells is through the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species (ROS). ME-THODS: RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into 3 groups. In normal group, RAW264.7 cells were treated without Mp. In model group, RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1∶ 10 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Mp. In NAC group, RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with N- acetylcysteine (NAC) at a concentration of 5 mmol/L for 30 min before infection with Mp. The RAW264.7cells were infected with Mp (1∶ 10 MOI) for 4, 8, 16 and 24 h in model group and NAC group, respectively. The intracellular ROS level was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were determined by Western blot. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the production of ROS were significantly increased at 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were increased at 8, 16 and 24 h after infection, the protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 p20 were increased at 16 and 24 h after infection, and the releases of IL-1β were increased at 24 h after infection in model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the level of ROS in NAC group decreased, so as the expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 at mRNA and protein levels and the releases of IL-1β in the supernatant at the corresponding time points. CONCLUSION: Mp may stimulate the ROS production to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 cells.     

和田河流域沙和基岩的角闪石成分及石英~(18)O值

本文运用电子探针和氧同位素测试等手段,分析了和田河流域沙物质及某些有关基岩所含角闪石的种类、普通角闪石的化学成分和石英的δ~(18)O值。沙物质和岩浆岩(钾长花岗岩)在所含角闪石种类以及普通角闪石化学成分上的差异性明显大于相似性,说明后者为前者提供的角闪石有限。另外,沙丘沙含有多种变质成因的角闪石。产生这种现象的合理解释是:变质岩风化产物是沙的重要物源。沙物质中石英δ~(18)O值介于变质石英氧同位素成分范围,并且粒度愈细的石英,δ~(18)O值愈高。根据基岩中云母片岩所含石英颗粒最细、δ~(18)O值最高的特点判断,细沙物质在风扬过程中混入了较多的高δ~(18)O值细粒变质石英。     

外源NO对渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响

以黑麦草为试材,研究了一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对聚乙二醇6000渗透胁迫下种子萌发、幼苗叶片活性氧代谢和渗透溶质积累的影响,探讨外源NO对渗透胁迫下牧草生理响应的调节作用.结果表明:100μmol/L SNP显著提高了渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,缓解了植株鲜重和干重的下降幅度,提高了幼苗叶片SOD、POD、APX、质膜H+-ATPase活性及谷胱甘肽、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、K+、Na+含量和植株含水量,降低了O2-.产生速率及H2O2、丙二醛和可溶性蛋白含量.表明外源NO能够促进渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子的萌发,对渗透胁迫引起的黑麦草幼苗膜脂过氧化具有缓解作用.     

Effect of Foliar GA3 and ABA Applications on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism in Black Currants (Ribes nigrum L.) During Bud Para-dormancy and Secondary Bud Burst

The secondary bud burst can cause around 10％-20％ yield losses in black currants, an economically important crop in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. The ...