CYP11A1、CYP17A1、CYP19A1基因在小尾寒羊下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的表达

为揭示类固醇生成相关基因CYP11A1、CYP17A1、CYP19A1在绵羊多羔繁殖中的作用,以不同繁殖力小尾寒羊为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测CYP11A1、CYP17A1、CYP19A1基因在小尾寒羊大脑、小脑、下丘脑、垂体、子宫、卵巢、输卵管中的表达。结果表明:CYP11A1基因主要在小尾寒羊卵巢、输卵管、子宫内表达;CYP11A1基因在单羔小尾寒羊卵巢的表达极显著低于多羔群体(P0.01),在子宫的表达量极显著高于多羔群体(P0.01);CYP17A1基因主要在小尾寒羊卵巢、输卵管、下丘脑表达;CYP17A1基因在多羔小尾寒羊群体下丘脑、子宫的表达量显著低于单羔群体(P0.05)。CYP19A1基因主要在小尾寒羊卵巢、下丘脑表达。本究结果提示CYP11A1、CYP17A1基因可能参与小尾寒羊多羔性状的调控。     

Biological control of cucumber powdery mildew with Tilletiopsis minor under greenhouse conditions

In growth cabinet and greenhouse experiments the efficacy ofTilletiopsis minor in controlling cucumber powdery mildew decreased as humidity was lowered. This effect could be counteracted by formulation of the mycoparasite with lipophilic substances, like Hora Oleo 11E and lipids from milk. These formulations, without the mycoparasite, were also found to be deleterious to powdery mildew development. In the long run, however, formulations withT. minor gave better biological control of cucumber powdery mildew than formulations alone.     

Effects of N-methyl-D, L-aspartate on secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone from the boar hypothalamic-preoptic area and median eminence in vitro

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) elicited secretion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone from both the hypothalamic-preoptic area and the median eminence that were collected from boars. We suggest that the previously described increase in GH secretion that follows peripheral treatment of swine with NMA is attributable, at least in part, to NMA-stimulated secretion of GH-releasing hormone from the central nervous system.     

中早熟甜椒新品种中椒11号的选育

Sweet pepper; Zhongjiao No.11; F1 hybrid.; 【摘要】 中椒11号为中早熟甜椒一代杂种。其母本91-126是利用国内甜、辣椒及国外的甜椒为材料，经杂交、回交、添加杂交和单株选择转育而成的抗病、优质甜椒高代自交系，父本92-2-3为早熟、结果率高、配合力强的甜椒高代自交系。中椒11号熟性中早，定植至采收40d(天)左右，产量3000～5000kg·(667m2)-1，抗逆性强，抗TMV、中抗CMV，耐湿热；适于华南南菜北运基地冬季种植或北方早春保护地及露地早熟栽培；果实长灯笼形，果色绿，肉厚，味甜，商品率高，耐贮运。已在广东、海南、山东、北京等地种植，推广面积达1500hm2。     

Pretreatment of hypertonic saline attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury induced by neutrophils

AIM: To explore the effect of the pretreatment of hypertonic saline (HTS) in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.METHODS: The rats were divided into sham group (sham group), ischemia reperfusion group (IR group) and pretreatment of hypertonic saline group (HTS group). Partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion model was used. The rats were sacrificed at the time of 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion in each group, respectively. Blood samples were obtained to examine ALT. The expression of the CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on the neutrophils was analyzed by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in livers and chromatometry was performed to detect the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in livers. The morphology of hepatocytes and the structure of sinusoid were observed by histological examinations. RESULTS: ① HTS pretreatment decreased the level of ALT at the time points of 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). ② Mac-1 expression in HTS group was lower at 6 h and 12 h after reperfusion compared with IR group (P<0.05). ③ MPO activity in HTS group was lower at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h compared with IR group (P<0.05). ④ RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis indicated that the pretreatment of HTS inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 in livers after reperfusion. ⑤ Moderate hepatocyte swelling and few neutrophil infiltration were observed in HTS group.CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with HTS has the effect on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of Mac-1 on circulating neutrophils and the expression of ICAM-1 in the liver.     

Gene expression of fatty acid-binding proteins, fatty acid transport proteins (cd36 and FATP) and β-oxidation-related genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed fish oil or vegetable oil

Relative gene expression pattern of fatty acid transport proteins (FATP and cd36), intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP3, FABP10 and FABP11), β-oxidation-related genes [carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPTII), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ), acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FACS), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (dehydrogenase)] and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was assessed by RT-qPCR in Atlantic salmon muscle (red and white), liver, heart, myosepta and visceral fat. FABP11, a FABP isoform not previously described in Atlantic salmon, was highly expressed in visceral fat and myosepta and at the lower level in red muscle, white muscle, myosepta and heart. Furthermore, Atlantic salmon were fed either a diet containing fish oil (FO) or a complete replacement of FO with a vegetable oil blend (55% rapeseed oil, 30% palm oil and 15% linseed oil; VO) for the production cycle (27 months from start of feeding and until ∼4.5 kg mean weight). The expression of genes related to β-oxidation, fatty acid uptake and transport in the white muscle indicate ( n  = 3) significant down-regulation in VO fed Atlantic salmon and correlated with previously reported white muscle triacylglycerol stores and β-oxidation. FABP11 in visceral fat and myosepta was also down-regulated in VO fed fish.     

Comparative Analysis of mRNA Expression of Surface Antigens between Histiocytic and Nonhistiocytic Sarcoma in Dogs

Background

Definitive diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs is relatively difficult by conventional histopathological examination because objective features of HS are not well defined.

Hypothesis

Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of selected cellular surface antigens (SAs) specific to HS in dogs can facilitate objective and rapid diagnosis.

Animals

Dogs with HS (n = 30) and dogs without HS (n = 36), including those with other forms of lymphoma (n = 4), inflammatory diseases (n = 6), and other malignant neoplasias (n = 26).

Methods

Retrospective clinical observational study. Specimens were collected by excisional biopsy, needle core biopsy, or fine needle aspiration. To determine HS detection efficacy, mRNA expression levels of selected SAs specific to HS in dogs, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, were quantitatively analyzed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Each SA mRNA expression level was significantly higher in HS dogs than in non‐HS dogs (P = .0082). Cutoff values for discriminating between HS and non‐HS dogs based on these expression levels were calculated on the basis of receiver‐operating characteristic analysis. Accuracy of the cutoff values, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, was 87.9, 86.4, 86.4, and 84.8%, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Our results suggest that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of the selected SAs could be an adjunctive diagnostic technique with high diagnostic accuracy for HS in dogs. Substantial investigation is required for exclusion of diseases with similar cell types of origin to lymphoma.     

Effect of cortisol on the metabolism of 17-hydroxyprogesterone by Arctic charr and rainbow trout embryos

The effect of cortisol on the in vitro metabolism of [³H]17-hydroxyprogesterone ([³H]17OHP) was studied during embryonic development of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the absence of cortisol, rainbow trout embryos metabolized [³H]17OHP largely to androstenedione (A₄) and androstenetrione (11-KA) with a minor conversion to 17,20ß-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20P). In the presence of cortisol, this biosynthesis was inhibited. On the other hand, cortisol had no apparent inhibitory effect on the nature of metabolism of [³H]17OHP by Arctic charr embryos. In these embryos [³H]17OHP was metabolized mainly to 17,20P with a minor conversion to A₄ and without the formation of 11-KA that was seen in rainbow trout.When incubated in the presence of [³H]cortisol both Arctic charr and rainbow trout embryos produced 11ß-hydroxyandrostenedione (11ß-OHA) as the major metabolite, with a minor conversion to an unknown steroid. The catabolism of the cortisol by salmonid embryos may reflect the ability of the embryo to inactivate or detoxify cortisol to protect itself from the adverse effects of this biologically potent steroid hormone The study indicates the existence of species-specific differences in the nature of metabolism of [³H]17OHP and the inhibitory effect of cortisol on this metabolism.     

Sex differences in circulating steroid hormone levels in the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus L.

Steroid profiles of cultured and captive red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus L.) were investigated to evaluate the potential use of circulating sex steroid levels as a tool for gender identification in this species. Cultured 18‐month‐old fish were maintained on a 120‐day shortened photothermal cycle to induce precocious maturation. Additionally, wild‐caught fish were maintained in captivity under simulated natural photothermal conditions from late spring to early fall. Circulating 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) levels were significantly higher in males compared with females during the early stages of gonadal growth in both cultured and captive fish. Plasma testosterone (T) levels showed a similar trend; however, the differences were significant only when males were already producing sperm. 17β‐estradiol (E₂) concentrations were low in males and females before gonadal recrudescence but increased significantly with the progression of vitellogenesis in females. These results show that a test using a minimum concentration of circulating 11‐KT could be developed to differentiate between sexes in the early stages of gonadal maturation in red drum. Moreover, plasma E₂ concentrations could be used to identify vitellogenic females. The two steroids considered together could help avoid possible error in gender identification due to unusually high levels of certain steroids encountered in some individuals.     

LH-β and FSH-β mRNA expression in nesting and post-breeding three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and effects of castration on expression of LH-β, FSH-β and spiggin mRNA

The mRNA expression of the LH- and FSH- subunits were measured in nesting and post-breeding male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculetaus, as well as in castrated and sham-operated nesting males. Furthermore, expression of an androgen induced kidney protein, spiggin, and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) levels, were measured in the castrated and sham-operated males. Nesting males had significantly higher levels of both LH- and FSH- mRNA expression compared to post-breeding males. Furthermore, sham-operated males had significantly higher levels of LH- mRNA and spiggin mRNA expression than the castrated fish. Expression of FSH-, on the other hand, did not differ between castrated and sham-operated males. There were strong positive individual correlations between circulating levels of 11KT on the one hand and expressions of LH- and spiggin mRNA, whereas the correlation between 11KT levels and FSH- mRNA was weak. The negative effect of castration on -LH mRNA indicates that gonadal hormones stimulate this expression, whereas this was not the case for -FSH. The observed decline in -LH expression after the end of the breeding season may be the result of cessation of the gonadal stimulation of the pituitary. On the other hand, it is not likely that this can explain the decline in FSH- expression.