谁是花牛苹果最大的杀手?——甘肃天水花牛苹果的困境与出路

以"红元帅"品种发展起来的甘肃花牛苹果产业,在"富士"一统天下的中国苹果产业大环境中曾是一股难得的清流,为消费者提供了更多的选择,也给中国苹果产业带来了更多的希冀。但是,在一味迎合市场销售的各色操弄下,如今不仅种植效益每况愈下,而且产业发展也面临着诸多困难与困惑,亟须全新的产业发展思路与发展模式来加以拯救。     

浅谈关于牛结节性皮肤病的临床症状及防控措施

加强牛结节性皮肤病的监测与诊断,找准患病动物的病因、病理,有利于动物的诊断、预防、控制、净化、消灭动物疾病,有利于促进牛产业的持续健康发展以及减少养殖场(户)经济损失,确保公共卫生安全和人体健康。     

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.     

Cloning and Bioinformatic Analysis of L1 Gene of BPV from Guizhou Province

In order to study and analyze L1 gene of bovine papillomavirus（BPV）in Guizhou province,the L1 gene of BPV-GZ01 strain was amplified,cloned and sequenced using bioinformatic softwares and methods,and the secondary structure,tertiary structure,B-cell preponderant epitope,conserved domains analysis, transmembrane domain and signal peptide of L1 gene were predicted.The results showed that the length of L1 gene was 1 494 bp,encoding 497 amino acids.The L1 gene of BPV-GZ01 strain shared an amino acid identities of 98.6%,99.4%,98.4%,94.4% and 91.3%,and a nucleotide identities of 99.1%,99.8%,99.4%,87.6% and 82.8% with those of BPV2,BPV2-SW01,BPV2-AKS01,BPV13 and BPV1 strains,respectively.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that there was a close relationship between BPV-GZ01 and BPV2-SW01 strains.The prediction of secondary structure of L1 protein indicated that the random coil,extended strand and alphahelix took a higher percentage.The L1 protein was supposed contain 6 potential antigen epitopes.And no transmembrane domains and no signal peptide were found.The tertiary structure of L1 protein was curved spiral structure.These results provided a theoretical basis for immunologic diagnosis and further research of nucleic acid vaccine of BPV.     

Isolation and Identification of BPIV3 Genotype C

To identify the infection agents from Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, where feedlot cattle indicated bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the M gene of the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was ligated to pMD18-T vector and cloned to E.coli DH5α.The positive clones were sequenced and compared with the reference strains in GenBank by the molecular biology software.Sequence alignment results showed that a BPIV3 strain was isolated from the samples and named NX49, the M gene of NX49 included 1 056 nucleotides.Evolutionary analysis showed that the NX49 belonged to BPIV3 C genotype and shared 99.4% nucleotide identity with that of the SD0835 isolated in Shandong province.The characterization of the NX49 demonstrated that it was sensitive to temperature, acid and organic matter.The presence of Mg²⁺ showed no protection against the treatment at high temperature.The HA test suggested that the NX49 enables to agglutinate the guinea pig RBC at 4 ℃ and the titer was 1∶4.The study isolated a BPIV3 genotype C strain successfully, which facilitate the study of molecular evolution and epidemiology of BPIV3 in China.     

四川规模化猪场腹泻仔猪病毒性腹泻病原的分子检测

为了解四川地区仔猪腹泻中病毒性病原的感染情况,应用RT-PCR方法对来自四川不同地区的20个猪场的仔猪腹泻病料进行了9种病毒性病原的检测。结果显示阳性率最高的为PRoV,其次为PKBV、PEDV、PBoV、PToV、MRV、AV、TGEV、PSaVPNoV;检测的这20份样品中均存在混合感染的情况。     

浅谈仔猪腹泻病的防治

近年来,仔猪腹泻病是一直困扰养猪业的一大难题,尽管在仔猪腹泻病的病原学研究方面有一定进展,但仔猪腹泻仍然是养猪生产中的常见病、多发病。其病因复杂,给预防、治疗工作带来很大的难度。虽然该病一年四季均可发生,但在寒冷、气温多变、阴雨连绵季节,该病暴发尤为严重。所以,在该病暴发之前或暴发同时做好该病的防控工作尤为重要。     

口服凝胶剂治疗犊牦牛腹泻的临床疗效观察和血清生化指标变化

目的:探究口服凝胶剂治疗犊牦牛腹泻的临床疗效观察和血清生化指标变化.方法:选择15-30日的腹泻犊耗牛30头,正常的犊耗牛30头,对患有腹泻的犊耗牛进行治疗,治疗周期为一个星期,对治疗的30头犊耗牛的血清收集,然后收集15头正常的犊耗牛的血清,将剩余的15头正常的犊耗牛每天喂治疗腹泻的药物,3天后收集其血清,将观察的血清水平和临床效果制成表格,便于统计和观察.结果:口服凝胶剂对犊耗牛腹泻治疗的效果比较显著,腹泻犊耗牛的血清明显高于正常的犊耗牛(P<0.05),60头犊耗牛之间的差异具有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:通过对腹泻犊耗牛口服凝胶剂的观察,可以看出口服凝胶剂对腹泻犊耗牛的治疗效果显著,而且不会对正常的犊耗牛产生不良的影响,腹泻犊耗牛与正常犊耗牛的血清生化存在一定的差别,口服凝胶剂治疗犊耗牛的腹泻值得推广使用.     

浅谈牛口蹄疫的诊断方法及综合性防治措施

牛口蹄疫属于一种传染性较强的疾病,具有危害大、传播范围广等特点,因此采用有效的治理措施来提高牛口蹄疫的免疫能力非常关键.本文简单阐述了牛口蹄疫的流行特点、诊断方法、治疗和预防措施,希望对口蹄疫的防治工作有积极的指导意义.     

牛病的流行特点及防治措施相关探讨

随着社会经济的快速发展以及现代化饲养技术的进步,这在很大程度上推动了国家畜牧业的发展,使得牛饲养产业也得到了较大的突破.但是在牛饲养产业的实际发展过程中,往往存在一些问题,尤其是牛病的肆虐,严重影响了畜牧业产业链的发展,不利于生物圈的生存.本文就对牛病的流行特点进行分析,并试探性地提出几点有效防治措施,以便相关人士借鉴和参考.