Land Use and Soil Organic Carbon in China’s Village Landscapes

Village landscapes, which integrate small-scale agriculture with housing, forestry, and a host of other land use practices, cover more than 2 million square kilometers across China. Village lands tend to be managed at very fine spatial scales (≤ 30 m), with managers both adapting their practices to existing variation in soils and terrain (e.g., fertile plains vs. infertile slopes) and also altering soil fertility and even terrain by terracing, irrigation, fertilizing, and other land use practices. Relationships between fine-scale land management patterns and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top 30 cm of village soils were studied by sampling soils within fine-scale landscape features using a regionally weighted landscape sampling design across five environmentally distinct sites in China. SOC stocks across China’s village regions (5 Pg C in the top 30 cm of 2 × 10 6 km 2 ) represent roughly 4% of the total SOC stocks in global croplands. Although macroclimate varied from temperate to tropical in this study, SOC density did not vary significantly with climate, though it was negatively correlated with regional mean elevation. The highest SOC densities within landscapes were found in agricultural lands, especially paddy, the lowest SOC densities were found in nonproductive lands, and forest lands tended toward moderate SOC densities. Due to the high SOC densities of agricultural lands and their predominance in village landscapes, most village SOC was found in agricultural land, except in the tropical hilly region, where forestry accounted for about 45% of the SOC stocks. A surprisingly large portion of village SOC was associated with built structures and with the disturbed lands surrounding these structures, ranging from 18% in the North China Plain to about 9% in the tropical hilly region. These results confirmed that local land use practices, combined with local and regional variation in terrain, were associated with most of the SOC variation within and across China’s village landscapes and may be an important cause of regional variation in SOC.     

黄河三角洲东亚飞蝗夏蝗发生的气象预测模型

利用黄河三角洲地区5个重点沿海蝗区1983-2008年东亚飞蝗夏蝗的调查资料和相应的气象资料,分别对飞蝗发生期、发生量与主要气象因子进行相关分析并组建回归预测模型。结果表明,夏蝗出土始期和出土盛期均与上年9月和当年2月的降水量呈显著的负相关关系,但方程系数不同;在发生量预测中,夏蝗发生密度与4月平均气温和2月降水量呈显著负相关,发生面积与3月和上年8月的平均气温呈显著正相关、与上年9月降水量呈显著负相关。利用历史资料对预测模型进行回代检验,模拟值的平均相对准确率达90.2%,可以满足实际需求。     

不同栽培密度对棉花植株养分特征及产量的影响

田间小区试验研究了不同栽培密度对棉花植株养分特征及产量的影响。结果表明:密度为18.0×104株/hm2(A3处理)皮棉产量最高,为3247.4 kg/hm2;吐絮期铃中氮、磷、钾含量以18.0×104株/hm2(A3)、22.5×104株/hm2(A4)处理积累量较高,与产量一致;不同密度处理单株氮、磷、钾含量随密度的增大而减小;群体变化趋势则不同,虽然最高值仍都出现在8月15日,但在盛铃~吐絮期却以A3处理各元素的含量最高。说明后期养分积累对产量的形成具有重要的作用,尤其是植株群体和生殖器官的养分积累量。     

石灰岩瘠薄山地不同密度侧柏林保土效益

以临朐县石灰岩山地山坡上部营造的5种侧柏林造林密度为试验材料,系统研究侧柏林枯枝落叶层蓄积量、灌草植被生物量、土壤物理性状、渗透速率、土壤侵蚀量等保土功能指标。结果表明:(1)5种密度侧柏林的枯枝落叶层蓄积量造林密度最大的枯枝落叶层蓄积量最多,造林密度最小的枯枝落叶层蓄积量最少,林下灌草植被盖度和生物量随造林密度的减小而明显增加,密度为1 667株/hm2的侧柏林枯枝落叶量、灌木生物量和草本植物生物量总和最多,其次为2 500,1 111,5 000株/hm2的,最少的为833株/hm2。枯落物腐烂分解后可改善土壤物理性状,减小土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,特别是增加非毛管孔隙度,促进水分下渗。(2)5种密度侧柏林与对照相比减少的土壤侵蚀量以密度为1 667株/hm2的最大,为61.466t/hm2,其次是2 500株/hm2的,为61.092t/hm2,1 111株/hm2的为58.712t/hm2,最小的是5 000株/hm2和833株/hm2的,分别为56.664,55.2t/hm2。(3)通过对5种密度侧柏林的林分郁闭度、土壤总孔隙度、土壤非毛管孔隙度、枯落物蓄积量、土壤渗透速率、灌草生物量、灌草盖度、与对照相比减少的土壤侵蚀量等因子进行方差分析,均存在显著差异,按各项保土指标得分相加得出保土效益,计算结果显示,5种密度的侧柏林保土效益大小依次排序为:1 667株/hm2>2 500株/hm2>1 111株/hm2>833株/hm2>5 000株/hm2。     

规模化猪场中妊娠母猪的饲养管理

规模化生猪养殖过程中,妊娠母猪的繁殖性能直接影响生猪养殖的经济效益.妊娠母猪良好的饲养管理措施可以有效的改善母猪的健康状况和繁殖性能,推动生猪养殖产业的发展.主要可以通过妊娠母猪的科学饲喂措施、养殖环境的保障、妊娠母猪饲养密度的合理调整、妊娠母猪科学合理的接产措施以及仔猪的哺乳管理等方面进行.下文将对规模化生猪养殖场中...     

山乌桕控根容器与密度动态控制育苗效果分析

分析山乌桕绿化大苗培育中采用控根容器和密度动态调控育苗的经营效果。采用控根容器培育的山乌桕绿化大苗与普通无纺布容器苗比,苗高间差异不显著,地径显著大于普通无纺布容器苗,高径比生长协调,苗木较粗壮,主根长显著较短,而一级侧根数和根系生物量显著大于后者。控根容器培育的苗木根系多、不缠绕、无畸形,空间分布合理,苗木质量优于后者。不同密度育苗对山乌桕2 a苗龄绿化大苗根系影响不显著,但2 a苗龄摆放密度9株/m²的苗高、地径总体表现最优。因此,山乌桕2 a苗龄绿化大苗培育进程中,采用控根容器和密度动态调控可以提高苗木质量。     

宽厢宽带不同密度对玉米产量的影响

通过宽厢宽带玉米不同密度试验,结果表明密度是影响玉米产量的主要因素之一,在宽厢宽带栽培中,适宜的种植密度既能保证玉米产量,又不影响套种作物,最佳密度为2500～3000株/667m2。     

瓮安县应用旱地宽厢宽带技术效果分析

旱地宽厢宽带技术是利用旱地分带的特点,科学开厢,规格带幅,充分利用光、热、水、气资源,加大带幅中各种作物种植密度,强化玉米与其它高价值作物的集成配套,在确保玉米单产稳定增产的同时,增加经济收入。瓮安县2003年秋季开始示范推广以来,由于该项技术切合当前农业生产实际,稳     

水稻不同密度与氮肥运筹方法对产量的影响

近年来,贵州省对水稻的品种、密度、肥料等单因子试验探索较多,对指导大田生产提供了一些有价值的数据.水稻产量的高底受品种、移栽密度和施肥水平的影响是紧密联系的,为些,2006年贵州省粮食增产工程技术小组安排在印江县实施了水稻不同密度与氮肥不同运筹水平两因素试验,以期为大面积水稻生产提供技术指导依据.     

脱毒甘薯一号不同移栽密度初探

为探索脱毒甘薯一号在务川县的最佳种植密度,2006年春季在遵义市农推站的安排下,进行了净作条件下不同密度试验。1材料与方法1.1试验地点及供试品种试验设置在务川县都濡杨村凤凰村民组毛永新责任地实施,海拔600m,年均温度16.0℃,地势向阳平坦,土壤为黄壤,肥力中等,前作油菜,试