一年生混播草地生物量和品质以及种间竞争的动态研究

研究单播和混播燕麦和箭Ｋｕｏ豌豆草地生物量、品质及种间竞争动态。结果表明,生育期间除蜡熟期、成熟期外、单播燕麦产草量均高于其它处理。燕麦５０％＋箭Ｋｕｏ豌豆５０％混播处理在蜡熟期、成熟期产草量最高。从开花期开始,各处理单位面积粗蛋白质产量均显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）高于单播燕麦,而中性洗涤纤维（ＮＤＦ）、酸性洗涤纤维（ＡＤＦ）含量均低于单播燕麦。燕麦蜡熟期和简明Ｋｕｏ豌豆结荚期是饲草最佳刈割期。以燕麦２     

The influences of reseeding date and mowing prior to reseeding on establishment of alfalfa in Leymus chinensis meadows北大核心CSCD

This research studied the effects of sowing date and cutting prior to sowing on establishment of the leguminous forage,alfalfa（Medicago sativa）,in a lightly degraded Leymus chinensis meadow and investigated the sowing date×cutting interaction. The factorial experiment comprised four sowing dates（May 1,June 1,July 1,August 1）and cutting treatment（cut or uncut）prior to sowing,and evaluated the establishment performance of alfalfa and the ecological mechanisms related to establishment. It was found that soil moisture during emergence of alfalfa was the greatest when sowing occurred on July 1,and clipping prior to sowing significantly decreased the plant height of L. chinensis during emergence and seedling growth of alfalfa. There was a significant sowing date×cutting interaction effect on alfalfa establishment. Clipping prior to sowing significantly increased the emergence percentage of alfalfa through reducing the plant height of L. chinensis and associated above-and below-ground competition,and the seasonal soil moisture change resulted in a 20% higher（P<0. 05）alfalfa emergence rate when sowing occurred on July 1. With cutting,the number of surviving alfalfa seedlings and seedling survival rate were greatest（83 plants· m−2 and 53%,respectively）when sowing occurred on July 1. For later sowing,owing to the shortened growing time,the development and overwintering survival rates of alfalfa seedlings were significantly reduced. Cutting prior to sowing significantly increased the overwintering rate of alfalfa seedlings through improving their development. In the cutting treatment,the number of overwintered alfalfa seedlings（22 plants·m−2）when sowing was on July 1 was significantly higher than for other reseeding dates. In the second year,a botanical composition measurement showed that clipping prior to reseeding significantly increased the alfalfa biomass within the meadow,and the alfalfa biomass was significantly greater than in other treatments when sowing occurred on July 1 after cutting. Cutting prior to sowing also significantly increased the crude protein content of forage. Based on these research results,normal production practice should include cutting when alfalfa is sown into L. chinensis meadow. Combined with cutting,a sowing date around July 1 is the most favorable for the establishment of alfalfa. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

黄土丘陵区白羊草与达乌里胡枝子混播下草地生物量及种间关系研究

选取白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)和达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)为研究材料,按照行比设置7种混播组合(即白羊草和达乌里胡枝子比例为10∶0、8∶2、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6、2∶8和0∶10),研究混播比例对草地地上生物量及二者种间竞争关系的影响。结果表明:混播草地地上生物量均显著高于二者各自单播草地,RYT值均显著大于1.0,表明二者混播存在混播互补优势,其中白羊草和达乌里胡枝子混播比例6∶4在草地生物量和稳定性方面具比较优势。     

泽普县复播谷子栽培技术

介绍泽普县复播谷子栽培技术,包括品种选择、土壤及前茬作物选择、整地施肥、播种期及播量、播种方式、田间管理等方面内容,以供农户参考。     

莲藕腐败病及其综合防治方法

腐败病是近几年莲藕上发生最重的病害之一,俗称“莲瘟”。该病分布广泛,全县种藕区均有发生,感病率达20％-30％,属土传病害,往往造成藕鞭、藕节、藕根腐烂,同时地上部的叶、花也会萎蔫枯黄,因其初次侵染部位是地下部,待发展到地上部表现症状时,已进入该病的中后期．如这时疏于防治,将导致发病藕田严重减产,减产率可达20％-80％,有的甚至绝收。一般通风差、酸性过大的地块及连作田易发病,水过浅或水温高于35℃均有利于发病,偏施氮肥可加重病害。     

稀播紫云英超稀套种油菜试验

稀播紫云英（亩撒播１．５ｋｇ）超稀套种油菜（密度为１２０×５０ｃｍ，每穴１珠）的研究结果表明，油菜亩产达２４３．３±１３ｋｇ，增产１２１．７％；紫云英每亩生物量达２４６０±１４２ｋｇ，增产１５．３２％。亩夏收作物总效益提高２９４元。形成肥油稻稻作农田生态良性循环。     

蜂群春季管理八要点

<正>一、适时排泄越冬正常的蜂群应在当地蜜源出现前20³0天进行排泄(下痢蜂群排泄时间应提前)。要选西北有自然或人为防风屏障、向阳干燥处,气温在7℃以上、风力在2级以下,室内越冬蜂群,上午10点以后将蜂群搬到排泄场地,各箱间隔0.5 m,前后6 m,以防蜜蜂偏集。蜂群搬到场地20分钟以后再打开巢门放蜂排泄。此时注意工蜂体色暗淡,飞翔差,有下痢,死蜂多,巢门口有过多工蜂惊慌振翅的蜂群,要进行检查。室外越冬的蜂群适     

调亏灌溉对高寒荒漠区人工混播草地土壤环境与牧草生长的影响

针对中国高寒荒漠草原区牧草种植模式单一、产量水平低下的草业畜牧业生产现状,探究更为有效的灌水模式以提高牧草产量,以实现区域水土资源高效利用。以燕麦和箭筈豌豆混播草地为研究对象,采用大田试验对比分析了7种调亏灌溉模式（拔节期轻度亏水BW₁：65%~75%,拔节期中度亏水BW₂：55%~65%,拔节期重度亏水BW₃：45%~55%,开花期轻度亏水KW₁：65%~75%,开花期中度亏水KW₂：55%~65%,开花期重度亏水KW₃：45%~55%,以全生育期充分灌水QW₀：75%~85%为对照）对混播草地土壤水分、土壤温度和土壤养分及牧草株高、茎叶比、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：1）平均土壤贮水量随灌水亏缺程度的提高呈降低趋势,同一亏缺度条件下,拔节期亏水与开花期亏水间无显著差异。2）水分亏缺处理的平均土壤温度显著高于充分灌水处理,且水分亏缺度一定时,拔节期亏水处理的平均土壤温度显著高于开花期亏水处理。3）收获后各处理的土壤养分含量较播种前呈降低趋势。与充分灌水相比,开花期轻度亏水可显著提高土壤速效氮含量,而中度或重度水分亏缺不利于牧草对土壤速效磷和钾的吸收。4）同一灌水模式下,燕麦株高、茎叶比和产量均显著高于箭筈豌豆。7种灌水模式的草地耗水量为386.1~502.6 mm,与处理QW₀相比,处理KW₂的灌水量减少20.6%,牧草总产量无显著差异,可获得较高的水分利用效率（31.5 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）、灌水利用效率（81.0 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）、氮素吸收效率（0.99 kg·kg^-1）和氮肥偏生产力（191.1 kg·kg^-1）,是高寒荒漠区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播人工草地节水、增产和高效的水分管理模式。     

贵州高寒山区不同牧草混播组合效果试验

为提高贵州高寒山区人工草地的生产能力,2018—2020年在威宁彝族回族苗族自治县塔山村开展牧草混播组合试验。A组：20%威宁球茎草芦+40%雅晴多年生黑麦草+20%海发白三叶+20%瑞德红三叶;B组：20%威宁球茎草芦+50%安巴鸭茅+30%海发白三叶;C组：30%法恩苇状羊茅+40%雅晴多年生黑麦草+30%三得利紫花苜蓿;D组：40%安巴鸭茅+30%雅晴多年生黑麦草+30%三得利紫花苜蓿;E组：40%威宁球茎草芦+30%雅晴多年生黑麦草+30%海发白三叶。随机区组设计,连续3年对牧草的产量和营养成分进行测定,第3年取混合样对营养成分进行分析。结果：A、E组牧草产量显著高于B、C、D组(P<0.05);A、C、E组各年度间组分变化不大,稳定性较强;A、D、E组的粗蛋白含量较高,均超过16%。结论：A、E组适宜作为贵州高寒山区的人工草地混播组合。