一株木霉菌(Trichoderma sp.)TY2纤维素酶最佳产酶条件及部分酶学特性研究

[目的]筛选高活力纤维素酶产生菌,高效利用纤维素资源.[方法]从朽木和和纸浆样品中分离筛选出一株产纤维素酶活较高的菌株TY2.对其形态和18S rDNA特征序列分析鉴定为木霉菌(Trichoderma sp.).对菌株发酵条件及酶学特性进行研究.[结果] TY2菌株的最佳产酶条件为:1;滤纸+2;麸皮+0.5;葡萄糖为碳源,0.5;蛋白胨为氮源,起始pH 5.0,温度28 ℃,200 r/min,5 d,其CMCase和FPase活力分别达412.5 和100.3 U/mL.经分离纯化出TY2菌株内切β-葡聚糖苷酶.内切β-葡聚糖苷酶最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适反应pH为4.6,在50 ℃以下,pH 3.0～5.0,酶活性稳定,且在80 ℃仍具有降解CMC-Na的效果.同时研究发现铜离子、锌离子、钾离子和钠离子对内切β-葡聚糖苷酶的酶活有促进作用,而汞离子有明显的抑制作用.[结论]所筛选的TY2菌株具有潜在的工业应用价值.     

Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger

Biochar amendments to soils have been suggested as a strategy to sequester carbon and therefore mitigate global climate change. The enrichment of soils with charred materials also increases their fertility. This fertilising effect of biochar may be caused by various mechanisms; an acceleration of nutrient cycling has been suggested as one such mechanism. The rate-limiting step in nutrient cycling is thought to be the extracellular enzymatic attack on biological macromolecules. In this study, therefore, the effects of chestnut wood char (specific surface area 2.0 m² g⁻¹) and of activated carbon (specific surface area approximately 900 m² g⁻¹) on an extracellular enzymatic reaction involved in the degradation of cellulose (i.e., hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger) were investigated. Cellobiose was not adsorbed by chestnut wood char, whereas activated carbon absorbed more than 97% of it. Both charred materials adsorbed more than 99% of β-glucosidase. For chestnut wood char, adsorption of the enzyme caused a decrease of approximately 30% in the reaction rate, whereas for activated carbon, the nearly complete absorption of both substrate and enzyme entirely inhibited the reaction. These results show that β-glucosidase from A. niger retains most of its activity when adsorbed to chestnut wood char and that the reaction it catalyses in nature is only slightly affected by this charred material. On the other hand, a material characterised by a high specific surface area and high porosity, such as activated carbon, can make even a highly soluble substrate unavailable for soil enzymes and therefore completely inhibit the reaction. Thus, charred materials may affect nutrient cycling mainly by regulating the availability of substrates: the degradation of highly soluble substrates may be accelerated by materials with low specific surface area, which maintain an active and protected enzyme pool, whereas materials with high specific surface and high porosity may slow down the degradation by making substrates unavailable.     

小尾寒羊白介素1β全长cDNA序列克隆及生物信息学分析

本研究旨在克隆白介素1β(IL-1β)全长cDNA,为深入研究其生物学功能提供全长cDNA信息和试验材料.本试验利用前人构建的布鲁氏菌强、弱毒株感染小尾寒羊白细胞层抑制性差减杂交(SSH)cDNA文库,获得小尾寒羊IL-1β部分cDNA序列信息,利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),克隆小尾寒羊IL-1β全长cDNA,并申请GenBank登录号KC425612.2.该cDNA全长1494 bp,含有801 bp开放阅读框(ORF),可编码266个氨基酸残基,预测其编码蛋白分子质量为30.622 ku,与林麝、牛、海豚、虎鲸的IL-1β一致性较高,亲缘关系较近.     

烯丙孕素-β-环糊精水溶性衍生物包合物的制备及表征

为了提高难溶性药物烯丙孕素（altrenogest,ALT）的水溶性,本试验采用冷冻干燥法来制备烯丙孕素-羟丙基-β-环糊精（ALT-HP-β-CD）及其衍生物2,6-二甲基-β-环糊精（DIME-β-CD）包合物载药体系,并对ALT的线性关系和专属性、仪器的精密度以及包合物的回收率和稳定性进行了测定。以包合物的收率和包合物中ALT的包合率为评价指标,采用正交试验设计优选2种包合物的最佳制备条件,并使用傅里叶变换红外光谱法、热重分析法和显微镜成像法对所制得的ALT包合物进行表征分析,采用溶解度法测定包合物中ALT的溶解度。结果表明,ALT在1~12 μg/mL范围内具有较好的线性关系且专属性良好,仪器的精密度良好;加入0.1、0.2和0.3 mL ALT标准液的ALT-HP-β-CD包合物的平均回收率分别为97.78%、99.38%和99.90%,加入0.1、0.2和0.3 mL ALT标准液的ALT-DIME-β-CD包合物的平均回收率分别为93.86%、97.72%和94.93%;ALT-HP-β-CD包合物的最佳制备工艺为在55 ℃条件下,ALT与HP-β-CD的投料摩尔比为1∶7,包合时间为4 h,溶液pH为8,溶剂水的加入量为110 mL/g药物;ALT-DIME-β-CD包合物的最佳制备工艺为在55 ℃条件下,ALT与DIME-β-CD的投料摩尔比为1∶4,包合时间为4 h,溶液pH为9,溶剂水的加入量为100 mL/g;经傅里叶变换红外光谱法、热重分析法和显微镜成像法表征,证实成功制得包合物;溶解度试验得出包合物的溶解度分别约为ALT原药的1 012和1 354倍,表明两种包合物均可有效增加ALT的溶解度。本试验包合物的制备方法简单,条件温和,易于产业化生产。     

β-甘露聚糖酶的研究现状

综述了β-甘露聚糖酶的作用方式、生物来源、性质、遗传基础及应用。     

Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

本研究中用融合标签技术通过单质粒转化和双质粒转化分别促进Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白的可溶性表达。构建重组载体pET（yd-b42）、pET（Msb-b42）、pET（Od-b42）、pAY-sls[ydb42]、pAY-sls[tydb42],并在大肠杆菌中表达,通过SDS-PAGE验证分析。标签yd、Msb、Od、tyd都能很好的促进Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白可溶性表达,其中yd、tyd的促溶效果最好。Aβ1-42淀粉样蛋白能在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达。为阿尔茨海默病的治疗提供进一步理论基础。     

β-氨基丁酸诱导水稻稻瘟病抗性对活性氧代谢的影响(英文)

[Objective] This study was to understand the effects of β-Amino butyric acid(abbreviated as BABA) induced rice blast resistance on reactive oxygen metabolism. [Method] Using the cultivar Chaochan 2 that is highly susceptible to disease as experimental material, the changes of catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and MDA activities in rice treated by BABA were investigated. [Result] In rice plants treated by BABA, the activities of CAT and SOD increased, meanwhile the MDA content also rose to some extent, resulting in the disease resistance to rice blast. [Conclusion] By influencing reactive oxygen metabolism, BABA endows rice plants with resistance to rice blast. BABA is safe to environment and has highly resistance-inducing capacity, it could be generalized in production.     

RATIO OF CALCIUM TO MAGNESIUM INFLUENCES BIOMASS,ELEMENTAL ACCUMULATIONS,AND PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN KALE

Producers use elemental ratios, such as calcium (Ca): magnesium (Mg), in fertility programs to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) accumulates high levels of carotenoids which can be beneficial for human health. Objectives were to determine the influence of Ca:Mg fertilization on 1) biomass, 2) essential nutrients, and 3) carotenoids in kale leaf tissues. ‘Redbor’ kale was greenhouse-grown in solution culture. Ca:Mg ratio treatments were 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio significantly affected biomass, nutrient accumulation, and carotenoids. Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). Results indicate that producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs.     

β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的效应

以资源丰富且多糖含量高的茯苓为原料,以茯苓多糖的提取得率为指标,通过酶促降解的单因子试验、正交实验及验证试验,研究了β-葡聚糖酶对茯苓多糖的降解效应,优化筛选了β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的技术参数.结果表明:反应温度55℃、时间90 min、pH 5.5、酶浓度6.5％是β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的最优技术参数,在该参数条件下,应用β-葡聚糖酶提取茯苓多糖的得率为13.31％,对茯苓多糖的高值化利用具有较好的参考指导价值.