乙酸和β－羟丁酸对体外培养牛肝细胞脂代谢部分关键酶表达的影响

本研究以体外原代培养的奶牛肝细胞为模型,添加不同浓度的乙酸（AcOH）和p羟丁酸（BHBA）,探讨其对奶牛肝细胞脂肪酸代谢关键酶基因表达的影响。添加不同浓度乙酸和β－羟丁酸,培养24h后,提取细胞总RNA。应用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测脂代谢关键酶长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶1（ACSLl）、柠檬酸合成酶（CS）和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α（ACCα）mRNA丰度的变化。结果显示,适当浓度的AcOH能够促进肝细胞脂肪酸活化及氧化途径关键酶ACSLl和CS的转录,而高浓度AcOH能够抑制脂肪酸从头合成途径关键酶ACCα的转录;高浓度BHBA能够抑制肝细胞ACSLl、CS和ACCα的转录。说明血液中适当浓度的AcOH能够促进肝脏脂肪酸氧化并抑制脂肪酸从头合成,高浓度BHBA能够抑制肝脏脂氧化和合成,影响乳脂前体物的供应,进而影响乳脂合成。     

口蹄疫病毒牛源整联蛋白受体β3、β8亚基基因的克隆及分子特征分析

本研究旨在从分子角度阐明口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)牛源整联蛋白受体β3和β8基因的结构特征,并为研究病毒遗传变异与宿主范围改变奠定基础。采用RT-PCR技术在国内首次从牛肾组织获得β3和β8基因,并用生物软件对它们的分子特征进行了分析。结果显示:β3亚基基因全长2 355bp,编码784个氨基酸,其中信号肽由22个氨基酸组成,胞外区由692个氨基酸组成,跨膜区由29个氨基酸组成,胞质区由41个氨基酸组成,氨基酸同源性与羊最高,与易感FMDV的牛、骆驼、猪和羊的β3亚基位于同一进化分支,各功能区的保守性为胞质区>跨膜区>配体结合区>胞外区>信号肽,但半胱氨酸富集区的突变率仅次于信号肽。牛源β8亚基基因全长2 304bp,编码767个氨基酸,包括42个氨基酸的信号肽,637个氨基酸的胞外区,29个氨基酸的跨膜区及59个氨基酸的胞质区,氨基酸同源性与马最高,进化分析发现与猪的β8亚基不在同一分支,各功能区的保守性排序为跨膜区>配体结合区>胞质区>胞外区>信号肽。将β3亚基与β8亚基比较发现,β8亚基的配体结合区比β3亚基更为保守,β3亚基的胞质区存在NPLY基序,而β8亚基无此基序,且β8亚基胞质区可变性更高。本研究提示FMDV对ανβ8的利用率高于ανβ3可能与β8亚基配体结合区更为保守有关。     

电刺激疑核对TNBS诱导的IBD大鼠TGF－β表达的影响

为探讨疑核对炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）相关细胞因子TGF-β的调控作用以及在IBD的发生发展过程中发挥的作用,以三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）诱导IBD大鼠动物模型通过Real-Time PCR和ELISA方法,利用疑核定位技术,检测急性电刺激疑核前后,细胞因子TGF-β在TNBS诱导的IBD大鼠结肠、胸腺、脾脏、外周血淋巴细胞中mRNA水平的变化和血清中蛋白浓度的变化。结果表明,急性电刺激IBD大鼠疑核后TGF-βmRNA表达水平在结肠、脾脏和外周血淋巴细胞中均显著高于对照组和假刺激组;而在胸腺中TGF-βmRNA表达降低。急性电刺激IBD大鼠疑核后血清中TGF一8蛋白浓度显著高于对照组和假刺激组。由此认为,疑核可能通过对IBD相关细胞因子TGF一8的调控,介导IBD的发生、发展过程,从而对IBD的发生、发展发挥调节作用。     

Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and γ-Oryzanol on Blood Biochemical Markers in Exercising Thoroughbred Race Horses

In both the horse and the man, nutritional ergogenic aids have been used to improve physical ability in conjunction with an appropriate training regimen. Although training increases physical condition, the ease of taking a nutritional additive to improve training results explains the demand for supplementation, which may increase mechanical energy of work, delay onset of fatigue, or improve neuromuscular coordination. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oral supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and γ-oryzanol (GO) on indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in Thoroughbred race horses. In this 32-week study, the horses were assigned to either a placebo, GO (3.0 g/d), HMB (15 g/d), or GO and HMB treatment groups. The supplements were administered for the first 16 weeks of the study during the training period before the racing season began. Blood samples were taken at baseline, and then during training, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 minutes after exercise. Heart rate and speed were monitored in each exercise session. Hematocrit, glucose, lactate (LA), creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase were measured before and after each exercise session. Analysis of variance showed a significantly greater increase in postexercise creatine kinase activity in placebo-supplemented group than in the other treatment groups, both in the training period and during the racing seasons (P < .05). Blood LA was higher immediately after exercise in the placebo group compared with the supplemented groups. In conclusion, supplementation with HMB and GO resulted in decreased creatine kinase and LA after exercise. These findings support the hypothesis that HMB and GO supplementation helps to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage.     

Antinociceptive and antiplasmodial activities of cassane furanoditerpenes from Caesalpinia volkensii H. root bark

The chloroform and ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/kg) of Caesalpinia volkensii H. exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) antinociceptive activities using hot plate and writhing tests in mice while the later showed antiplasmodial activity (IC₅₀ 0.23 ± 0.07 and 4.39 ± 2.49 μg/ml) against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2), respectively. Two new furanoditerpenes [rel. 1β,5α-dihydroxyvoucapane (1) and rel. 1β,6β-dihydroxyvoucapane; 19β-methyl ester (2)] together with seven known compounds [voucapane (3), voucapan-5-ol (4), deoxycaesaldekarin C (5), caesaldekarin C (6), 5-hydroxyvinhaticoic acid (7), triacontanyl-(E)-ferulate (8), triacontanyl-(E)-caffaete (9) and 30′-hydroxytriacontanyl-(E)-ferulate (10)] were isolated from the two extracts. The administration of 3, 4, 5 and 6 (100 mg/kg i.p) caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the number of writhing episodes induced by acetic acid and (P ≤ 0.01) increased pain latency threshold in hot-plate test compared to control. However, the pure compounds indicated relatively (P ≤ 0.05) low antiplasmodial activity. The phytochemical constituents from the root bark of C. volkensii had better analgesic properties than antimalarial properties, justifying the use of the plant root bark as a remedy for pain.     

固态混菌发酵生产饲用复合酶制剂营养条件和培养条件的研究

黑曲霉变种(A.niger v.Tiegh)CGMCC1182、黑曲霉MA-56(A.niger MA-56)CGMCC2722和黑曲霉XY-1(A.niger XY-1)CGMCC1182分别为α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶生产菌株。为获得高产α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的复合酶制剂,通过单因素实验,研究了黑曲霉三种菌株在固态发酵条件下产复合酶制剂的培养基组成和培养条件。结果表明,黑曲霉混菌发酵生产复合酶的最适培养基组成为:麸皮∶豆粕为7∶3(m/m),在此基础上(以麸皮和豆粕总量为10 g计算)添加玉米芯1.0 g,魔芋粉0.1 g,葡萄糖0.5 g,(NH4)2SO4 0.2 g,NaNO3 0.1 g,MgSO4 0.1 g,KH2PO4 0.2 g,H2O 11 mL。产酶最适培养条件为:培养温度30℃,固形物与加水比1∶1,α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶接种比例为5∶6∶6,接种混合孢子悬浮液2.5 mL(以一支菌种斜面加30 mL无菌水为标准),300 mL三角瓶中装量8 g培养基,发酵60 h时,复合酶产量达到最优,α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶三种酶制剂的活力分别可以达到221、894、10188 IU/g。     

生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶快速检测报告

[目的]为快速、准确检测出生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶,保证牛奶卫生安全。[方法]采用Snap法(酶联免疫法)检测生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶,对新疆巴州辖区内17个奶站进行抽样检测。[结果]17份样品结果全部为阴性。[结论]对巴州辖区内17个奶站的生鲜牛乳进行了抽样检测β-内酰胺酶项目,17份样品结果全部为阴性,合格数17份,合格率为100%。     

β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶基因双拷贝工程菌株的构建与发酵研究

本试验旨在研究β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶双拷贝基因毕赤酵母工程菌株的构建及发酵。首先,通过对质粒pGAP-glu-opt进行PCR扩增获得密码子优化的β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶基因glu-opt,用EcoR I和Not I双酶切后与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,获得重组质粒p9K-glu-opt。该重组质粒经Sac I线性化后转化毕赤酵母GS115菌株,利用不含组氨酸的MDS平板和摇瓶培养,筛选重组菌株,命名为GS115/9K-glu-opt。制备GS115/9K-glu-opt感受态细胞,再用线性化的重组质粒pPIC-glu-opt二次转化,在含有抗生素Zeocin的YPDS平板上筛选glu-opt基因双拷贝重组菌株GS115/2xglu-opt。双拷贝重组菌在10 L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵培养及甲醇诱导表达,β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶最高酶活达到21 600 U/mL,约为单拷贝工程菌株X33/pPIC-glu-opt发酵活力的1.44倍;蛋白表达量达8.4 g/L,约为X33/pPIC-glu-opt的1.68倍。     

Modelling the β-amylase activity during red sorghum malting when Bacillus subtilis is used to control mould growth

Steeping in dilute alkaline (0.2% NaOH) followed by resteeping in biocontrol (starters of Bacillus subtilis S499) has been used during red sorghum malting. The effect of steeping and germination conditions has been described using 2 functions: a Weibull 4-parameter model combined with a General Linear Model with Logarithm Link with significant goodness. Steeping conditions (combined use of NaOH and B. subtilis S499) affects the synthesis capacity of grain: when B. subtilis culture used in the steeping step is diluted, ln α increases, suggesting a loss of treatment efficacy. The germination temperature affects the β-amylase synthesis rate during the induction phase: the germination temperature increase is accompanied by a decrease of the β-amylase synthesis rate. During the repression phase of β-amylase synthesis, the effect of malting conditions was found to taper.