基于生态承载力的黄土高原地区城镇体系空间结构演化——以庆阳市为例

庆阳市位于黄土高原中部丘陵沟壑区,气候干旱,生态脆弱。运用生态承载力、城镇体系相关理论和方法,分析研究区城镇体系空间结构演化特点及趋势。采用生态弹性度、资源承载力和承载压力度、对生态承载力的演化进行综合评价,并对生态承载力与城镇空间结构的关系进行探讨。在此基础上,对研究区城镇体系空间结构进行调整优化,为脆弱生态条件下的城镇发展提供依据。     

基于不同城市空间类型的广州天际线特点研究

通过对广州城市天际线不足之处的分析,对广州居住区、政府办事区、城市公共绿地等不同城市空间类型的景观天际线特点进行研究,分析其对人们的环境感染力。同时,对广州城市景观天际线的营造提出建议,为创造典型、有特色的城市空间环境提供参考依据。     

城市空间增长效应评价方法——以重庆市为例

在城市空间快速增长背景下,开展城市空间增长效应评价研究,有助于解决城市空间增长中出现的问题,可为确定城市空间发展战略、制定空间发展政策提供依据。城市空间增长效应评价方法旨在定量、客观地判断城市空间增长过程中要素配置与运行是否合理、高效和公平。笔者建立了结构配置效应、经济配置效应和公平配置效应3个方面的评价体系,通过目标法对城市空间增长效应进行评价,得出空间增长效应评价函数。以重庆市为例进行实证分析,结果显示：重庆市2004-2013年间的城市空间增长效应总体呈上升发展趋势,结构性、公平性趋好;合理配置效应和经济配置效应波动显著,反映出城市建设面临的用地结构优化、用地效率提升等方面的问题。     

Growth response of Ficus benjamina to limited soil volume and soil dilution in a skeletal soil container study

The interactive effects of rooting volume and nutrient availability in a skeletal soil medium designed to meet street tree and pavement needs were observed in a containerized experiment. Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina L.) was grown in a stone-soil blended skeletal soil material (CU-Soil™) and compared to a loam soil. The same topsoil used as the soil component in the skeletal soil material was used as the sole component in the comparison soil-only treatment.Plants grown in the skeletal soil material had reduced leaf tissue N content and depressed growth compared with plants grown in non-diluted soil. No other mineral deficiencies were found. Leaf number, chlorophyll concentration, shoot weight, and root characteristics were all affected.Reduced growth from soil dilution could be offset by the provision of an enlarged rooting volume for root development. Large containers of skeletal soil were observed to have smaller root systems compared to equivalent net volumes of loam soil at the first two harvest dates of the study. By the end of the study, the large containers of skeletal soil were observed to have developed larger root systems compared to equivalent net volumes of loam soil; resulting in comparable leaf N levels and total plant dry matter. Plants in skeletal soil had lower shoot: root ratios at the end of the study. Investing resources to further root growth in times of nutrient shortages is a probable plant reaction as evidenced by differences in specific root length between treatments. The study allowed a method for directly partitioning the containerization effect by having equivalent amounts of soil over two volumes.     

The re-emergence of indigenous forest in an urban environment, Christchurch, New Zealand

Christchurch, the second largest city in New Zealand is a planned city on a coastal plain on the east coast of the South Island. The birth of the city and the subsequent century of development was characterised by colonial values and tree and garden planting with familiar European species along with those from Australia, North America, and eventually all other continents. The image of an “English garden city” with classical parks of oaks and willow-lined rivers became the accepted norm and the way in which the city has been promoted to potential tourists. Gardening is one of the top two recreational activities and exotic species greatly outnumber native species in the flora and in gardens. This has had serious consequences for the highly fragmented and degraded indigenous vegetation and its co-adapted wildlife. A few hardy indigenous species continued to regenerate through this period, but since the 1970s, there has been a progressive change of attitude and interest in reclaiming the natural heritage of the city, manifest in widespread private and public planting of indigenous species and active habitat restoration. In this article we examine the indigenous and exotic shrub and tree components of the Christchurch flora as planted street trees, in domestic gardens, and in parks. We also present data on shrub and tree regeneration in parks and domestic gardens in the city. Indications are that the more sensitive, less intrusive management of urban environments, combined with the greater density of indigenous seed sources, has allowed regeneration of a wide range of indigenous species across a broad spectrum of habitats – from neglected gardens to pavement cracks to exotic plantations. This is despite the competition from the prodigious seed banks and density of exotic trees, shrubs, and ground covers and albeit minimal impacts of introduced browsing and seed eating mammals. If the present trends continue through appropriate management and facilitation, these tentative signs of native forest regeneration should eventually proliferate into a sustainable mixed origin urban forest that resurrects and preserves the natural character of the region.     

南京市绿地规划发展方向初探--以南京市绿地系统规划（2013-2020）为例

对最新版本的《南京市绿地系统规划》(2013-2020)进行分析与研究，综合相关规划文件，对南京市近几年绿地规划、建设内容进行回顾与评价，总结南京市在绿地规划方面的可取与不足之处。对南京城市的历史沿革、山水格局、绿地现状、自身定位、发展趋势进行思考，结合国内政策、国外理念等因素统筹地对南京未来的绿地发展方向进行展望与研究，包括绿地宏观布局层面、中观联系层面、微观建设层面3方面。     

乡土植物在乌鲁木齐园林绿化中的应用

对乌鲁木齐园林绿化中所应用的部分乡土植物进行实地调查,根据其适应性、生长状况、观赏价值等分析乡土树种的应用效果和特色表现,探讨乡土植物种类和数量与地带性特色的关系,并对存在问题提出建议。     

南京城乡统筹发展及其与其他城市的比较

本文在对城乡统筹发展的内涵进行界定的基础上，设计了评价指标体系；利用层次分析法确定指标权重，对南京市城乡统筹发展水平进行了实证分析。研究发现：南京市城乡统筹发展水平不高，城乡差距明显。在城乡统筹的三大关系中，城乡居民关系的低水平是导致南京市城乡统筹发展水平不高的主要原因之一；通过和其他城市进行比较发现，北京和天津的城乡统筹发展水平最高．而南京市仅高于哈尔滨．和其他城市的城乡统筹发展水平有一定差距。最后，针对分析提出了相应的对策建议。     

MODIS热红外数据在乌鲁木齐市热岛研究中的应用

利用MODIS热红外数据,在完成几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正、云检测等数据预处理后,利用分裂窗算法反演得到乌鲁木齐2000-2005年1,4,7,10月的地表温度空间数据.在分析典型热温场的基础上,进行了热岛的季节和昼夜变化特征研究.结果表明:时间上,乌鲁木齐在夏季的白天和全年四季的夜晚均存在明显的城市热岛现象;空间上,乌鲁木齐城市和附近的戈壁、荒漠温度较高,近处的中山区和远郊的高山区温度较低,区域内温差较大、热岛强度高.乌鲁木齐城市热岛虽与其他大城市热岛特征在时空分布规律上有较多相似之处,但也有其自身的特性:干旱区城市郊区下垫面较多为戈壁荒漠,因此城市热岛效应在日间并不明显,相反有时会出现"城市冷岛"现象.