Die Wurzelentwicklung von Zuckerrübenpflanzen auf einem Sandlöß-Standort und ihre Bedeutung für die Stickstoffernährung

Root development of sugar beet plants on a sandy loess site with regard to nitrogen nutrition.
Root development of sugar beet plants in a sandy loess soil (Haplic Phaeozem) was observed from the early seedling stage up to harvest by measuring at first the greatest vertical and lateral extension of the root systems of single plants and later the rooting density of the whole plant stands (auger method, profile wall method).
During the seedling stage not only the subsoil, but also large parts of the topsoil between the plants remained unoccupied by the root systems. In this phase the greatest lateral extension of single roots reaches nearly the length of the greatest leaf of the plant. With the closure of the canopy the rooting density in the topsoil accounts to 1–2 cm cm⁻³.
In summer roots penetrate to a depth of 100–150 cm with rooting densities of 0.1 to 1 cm - cm⁻³. Thus, the plants gain not only access to water reserves, but sometimes meet remarkable amounts of nitrate which under the relatively dry conditions of the region tends to accumulate in 60–120 cm depth and – when taken up by the beet plants in the late stage of growth – affects crop quality negatively.     

Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

引起糖甜菜细菌性叶斑病的萎蔫短小杆菌新致病变种

 1995年在内蒙古临河市新发现了糖甜菜细菌性叶斑病,从病斑所分离的10个细菌菌株经柯赫氏法则验证,均确系该病的病原菌。采用形态观察、表型特征和生理生化特性测定、数值分析、血清学反应、细胞化学成分分析、DNA G+C mol%和DNA-DNA同源性测定进行了鉴定,并与植物病原棒形细菌15个标准菌株进行了比较。该病原菌为革兰氏阳性细菌,不规则短杆状,有一根鞭毛、亚极生或侧生,结合其生理生化特性、细胞化学成分和DNA G+C mol%和DNA-DNA同源性测定结果,认为应属于短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)的萎蔫短小杆菌(Cur. flaccumfaciens),数值分析也支持这一结论。此外,据血清学反应结果及其对短小杆菌属的其它植物寄主的致病情况,认为该病原菌应是萎蔫短小杆菌种下的一个新的致病变种,定名为Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. beticola pv. nov. Chen et al.,2000(萎蔫短小杆菌糖甜菜致病变种)。     

鲜黄梨果实糖积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的变化

对鲜黄梨果实发育中糖积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:果实发育前期以积累山梨醇和淀粉为主,后期以积累果糖为主。果实整个发育过程中,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量逐渐增加,山梨醇和淀粉含量先增加后降低。山梨醇脱氢酶和山梨醇氧化酶在果实发育早中期活性逐渐增高,后期活性降低,但较前期高,两者共同对山梨醇的转化起调控作用。     

避雨栽培对川农泡椒1号品质的影响

以川农泡椒1号为试验材料,研究遮阳网+薄膜、遮阳网和露地3种栽培模式对川农泡椒1号品质的影响。试验结果表明,在夏季采用避雨栽培后,辣椒品质有所下降,其中VC、还原糖的含量均极显著低于对照,总糖含量差异不显著。而在避雨栽培的两种模式中,遮阳网+薄膜模式比遮阳网模式VC含量高5.4%,差异显著;还原糖高10.8%,差异极显著;总糖高0.8%,差异不显著。     

膨大素处理对葡萄果实性状的影响

以京亚和京秀两个葡萄品种为试材,以膨大素处理葡萄果实,结果表明:以花后15 d、浓度10 mg·kg-1的效果为最好.京亚和京秀两个品种座果率增加16.8%和10.3%;单果质量增加36.7%和28.7%;穗重增加47.9%和25.7%;果形指数减少0.036和0.048.果实中可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素C含量略有下降,增加果实的糖酸比.果实前期赤霉素含量增加,增加了果实的座果率;脱落酸含量的提高促进了代谢库细胞对同化物的吸收.     

施钾改善木薯农艺性状及淀粉组分

以2个木薯品种’SC205’和’SC124’为研究对象,设置不施钾(K0,K2O 0 kg/hm²)、低钾(K50,K2O 50 kg/hm²)、中钾(K100,K2O 100 kg/hm²)和高钾(K200,K2O 200 kg/hm²)4个施钾量处理,测定收获期木薯的农艺性状、鲜薯产量及其构成指标、可溶性糖组分含量、淀粉组分含量等指标。结果表明:(1)与不施钾相比,施钾量达100kg/hm²以上时,能显著提高木薯株高、茎径、单条薯重;施钾量达50 kg/hm²以上时,能显著提高鲜薯产量,其中’SC205’和’SC124’的鲜薯产量增幅分别达59.2%～131.7%和51.4%～127.9%,在施钾量(K₂O)为100 kg/hm²时鲜薯产量达到最大值;(2)施钾量对不同组织可溶性糖组分含量及总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量均有显著影响;品种与施钾量间交互作用对蔗糖含量具有显著影响,对其他可溶性糖组分及淀粉各组分均无显...     

4种植物叶片浸提液成分分析及其对珊瑚樱种子萌发的影响

模拟自然环境下的化感作用,选取珊瑚樱和同一生境下生长的其他3种有毒植物叶片为材料,采用室内监测法,应用蒽酮比色法、气相色谱−质谱联用技术测定浸提液可溶性糖含量和乙酸乙酯萃取物组成成分,分析不同浓度珊瑚樱、常春藤、野蓟和飞机草叶片水浸提液对珊瑚樱种子萌发的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的4种植物浸提液处理对珊瑚樱种子萌发具抑制作用,均降低珊瑚樱种子的各项萌发指标,以0.2 g/mL常春藤水浸提液化感抑制效应最大为−20.52,综合发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数与CK差异显著;不同浓度的4种植物浸提液可溶性糖含量均随浸提液浓度的增加而升高,0.2 g/mL常春藤水浸提液可溶性糖含量最高为（1.53 ± 0.02）mg/g,随着可溶性糖含量增加,其对种子萌发抑制效果越明显。以新植二烯为主的烯烃类物质是珊瑚樱和常春藤的优势组分,分别占总量的37.94%、78.7%;以大牛儿烯D为主的烯烃类物质是野蓟的优势组分,占总量的52.94%;以5−异亚丙基−4,6−二甲基−3,6,8−壬三烯−2−醇为主的醇类物质是飞机草浸提液的优势组分,占总量的63.28%。4种有毒植物水浸提液随浓度的增加其抑制作用增强,相关性分析表明可溶性糖是浸提液中抑制珊瑚樱种子萌发的主要因素。     

光照强度对厚皮甜瓜糖分积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶的影响

【目的】研究不同光照强度对厚皮甜瓜中3种糖分积累与4种蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响,以期找到适合秋冬茬甜瓜生长的光照强度。【方法】以"一品天下108"厚皮甜瓜品种为试材,在温度相同的日光温室隔间中,分别设置自然光照、自然光照+补光50μmol/(m2.s)和自然光照+补光100μmol/(m2.s)3个处理,分别于花后7,14,21,28,35,42 d采摘甜瓜果实,研究不同光照强度对甜瓜果实磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)、中性转化酶(NI)、酸性转化酶(AI)活性及蔗糖、果糖、可溶性糖积累的影响。【结果】光照越强的处理,厚皮甜瓜果实中果糖、可溶性糖含量和2个转化酶活性越高;在花后7~21 d,光照越强的处理,厚皮甜瓜果实中蔗糖含量越低,但在花后28~42 d,光照最强的处理,果实中蔗糖含量却最高;SPS活性在厚皮甜瓜果实发育过程中呈波动变化,光照最强处理的果实中SPS活性随果实的成熟总体呈升高趋势;自然光照处理中,SS活性在果实发育过程中呈波动变化,2个补光处理果实中的SS活性变化趋势较一致,即在花后7~21 d活性较低,花后28~42 d活性明显升高。【结论】补光程度达到某一阈值后,才会对甜瓜果实糖分积累和蔗糖酶活性的变化有较大影响。就本试验而言,冬季补光50μmol/(m2.s)的效果不明显,补光100μmol/(m2.s)即可获得较为明显的效果。     

糖对稻米淀粉黏滞性的影响

利用快速粘度分析仪测定葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖和蔗糖对稻米淀粉黏滞性的影响,结果显示：随着糖浓度的增加,稻米淀粉峰值粘度下降;随着葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖的增加,黏滞谱特征值的最终粘度、热浆粘度和消减值显著降低,而蔗糖对热浆粘度基本没有影响;葡萄糖、果糖使崩解值显著增加,而麦芽糖使崩解值先下降后上升,蔗糖使崩解值显著下降;4种糖都使糊化温度显著增加。