Quantitative genetic parameter estimates for size and growth rate traits in Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) when reared indoors

Heritabilities of size traits and growth rate traits, as well as genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations were estimated at three ages for a captive population of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) grown indoors. A covariate, mean size or mean growth rate during early growth in individual tanks before tagging and mixing, was introduced in the analyses to reduce the error caused by unique previous growth conditions on variance components. Heritabilities of size traits increased with age, with the h² for TL, AL, TWt and Wi1AS being 0.15, 0.20, 0.20 and 0.22, respectively, at 17 weeks, increasing to 0.28, 0.33, 0.34 and 0.35 at 29 weeks of age. Heritabilities of growth rate traits estimated between consecutive growth periods decreased from the first (h² for ΔTL 0.65, ΔAL 0.71, ΔTWt 0.63 and ΔWi1AS 0.84) to the second period (h² for ΔTL 0.34, ΔAL 0.50, ΔTWt 0.54 and ΔWi1AS 0.52). Phenotypic correlations were always larger than genetic correlations for both, size and growth rate traits. Genetic correlations between size traits within age were high (r_G >0.95), but those between the same size trait at different ages decreased as the age difference increased in spite of a consistently high environmental correlation (r_E 0.80–0.85) between the same trait at different ages. Phenotypic and genetic correlation's between the same growth rate trait at the two different growth periods evaluated were negative or zero (r_G TL –0.26, AL –0.24, Wi1AS 0.00) with the exception of total weight (r_G TW 0.35) and the environmental correlations between growth periods were also low (r_E 0.13–0.32).     

Pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) correlation in sheep

Silicone-made tissue cages were implanted in sheep. Blood serum (SBS) and tissue cage fluid (TCF) samples were collected after amoxicillin intravenous and intramuscular administrations, at the dose of 15 mg/kg. Amoxicillin pharmacodynamics were studied in an artificial culture medium, SBS and TCF with use of a Mannheimia haemolytica and a Pasteurella multocida strain. A concentration-independent antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin was confirmed for levels higher than 0.79–1.75 × MIC. This result favored the use of the percentage of the 24 h dosing interval during which drug levels remain above MIC as the appropriate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index. The subsequent correlation revealed that intravenous administration could be considered effective against “deep” infections caused by bacteria with MICs < 1 μg/mL or “shallow” infections caused by bacteria with MICs < 0.1 μg/mL. Intramuscular administration could be safely considered effective against both “deep” and “shallow” infections when the MICs of the targeted pathogens are lower than 1 μg/mL.     

大麦多数量性状相关分析

穗长、穗粒重两性对小区产量直接影响较大;每穗实粒数和每穗不实粒两性状数对小区产量直接影响很小,但通过其他性状对小区产量的间接负影响很大;每穗总粒数对小区产量直接负影响很大,株高通过其他性状对小区产量间接正影响很大。     

多元线性回归与相关分析在棉种SGK791高产栽培研究中的应用

为了定量研究棉花新品种SGK791产量构成因素的变化规律,以明确其高产栽培的最佳途径和主攻目标。在2003~2004年河南省棉花品种区域试验及2005年生产试验数据的基础上,应用多元线性回归、偏相关分析和通径分析方法分析SGK791产量构成因素的变化规律及各因素对产量的作用。4个产量因素与产量呈线性关系,建立了产量与产量因素间回归方程和最优回归模型。4个产量因素影响皮棉产量的综合作用为:每株铃数>衣分>单铃重>密度。皮棉产量构成因素间存在制约与促进的数量关系。4个产量因素中,每株铃数对产量的作用最大,其次是密度和衣分,铃重最小。在合理密植的基础上,SGK791高产栽培应以力争株铃数、兼顾铃重、稳定衣分为主攻目标。     

长春地区种植冬小麦生长发育规律的研究

１９９３～１９９７年在长春种植６个冬小麦品种,９月中旬播种,翌年６月底至７月初收获。冬小麦的总茎数各品种均在越冬前达最大值,越冬后呈下降趋势。返青期、抽穗期的茎数、穗数与小区产量间呈显著正相关。     

泰和乌鸡出雏后黑色素的分布与沉积

对１￣２８周龄的泰和乌鸡进行外表和解剖观察。就个体而言,除腿部皮肤略黑一些外,哈身皮肤的黑度非常接近,胸肌的黑度明显浅于腿肌,黑度随周龄增加而变浅;气管、肺、嗉囊、、腺胃外皮、肌胃外皮、睾丸、卵巢在２周龄时可见黑色素沉积,随周龄增加而逐渐加深;胸皮、腿皮、胸肌、腿肌和腿骨（带骨膜）中黑色素沉积率及左侧髋关节处皮肤黑度之间的表型相关均吴显著的正强相关,它们均能较好地代表乌鸡体内黑色素的沉积速度;上述     

Characterization, reference ranges and the influence of gender on morphological parameters of the endangered Catalonian donkey breed

This study characterizes morphometrically a limitedsizepopulation in danger of extinction; the Catalonian donkey breed (Spain). Sixty-nine adult individuals of both genders, forty-four jennies and 25 stallions, were characterized and analyzed for twenty-six morphological measurements and twelve corporal indices by a univariate procedure. The population showed little sexual dimorphism, since only eight of twenty-six measures and one of twelve indices showed statistically significant differences for gender effect. The analysis of correlations between measures and obtained dendrograms allowed the identification of interactions between and within the different corporal regions (head, trunk and extremities). The important morphological variability degree (coefficients of variation) shown by individuals of the Catalonian donkey breed will be of great interest to further improve the population.