An evaluation of the Olsen test as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in grassland soils derived from basalt parent material

Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL⁻¹) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses.     

辣椒夏季品比试验报告

为了考察我公司新推广品种及新配组合在高温伏旱状况下的适应性，我们于2003年5月7日在公司试验基地进行了品种对比试验。结果表明新推广品种中有九个品种或组合为极耐热或耐热，一个品种耐热性稍差。新配组合中部分表现优良，有推广前景。     

黄芪多糖的超声波-闪式协同提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以黄芪为原料,采用超声波-闪式协同提取黄芪多糖。以黄芪多糖得率为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳提取工艺。结果表明,超声波提取最佳工艺条件为：料液比1∶30（g/mL）,超声温度70 ℃,超声时间40 min,超声波功率500 W,在此条件下,黄芪多糖得率为7.11%;在对超声波提取工艺优化的基础上,协同闪式提取,最佳闪式提取工艺参数为：提取次数3 次,闪提时间100 s,提取电压160 V,在此条件下,黄芪多糖得率为11.03%;体外抗氧化活性试验结果表明：当黄芪多糖质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL 时,其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和2,2-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基的清除率分别为66.27%和58.27%。本研究获得了黄芪多糖的最佳提取方法,得到的黄芪多糖具有较强的抗氧化作用。该方法可为黄芪多糖的提取及开发应用提供参考。     

淡干海参泡发工艺研究

为探究淡干海参泡发工艺,以烟台淡干海参为原料,通过正交试验得到最优工艺条件为：121 ℃、0.12 MPa高温高压处理20 min,全程使用蒸馏水,泡发温度4 ℃,泡发时间48 h,采用该工艺泡发的海参质量和长度分别为泡发前干海参的14.5倍和2.7倍,复水比为9.2,其硬度、弹性、适口性、持水力及营养价值均高于市面上常压煮制常温泡发的海参。该研究结果为科学、方便地食用和推广淡干海参提供了理论依据。     

XTD469Q型微型车发动机设计与试验

研制开发了新一代强化集成型微车用XTD469Q型电控四气门汽油机,阐述了该机型设计的结构特点和研发技术,并对样机进行了台架可靠性试验。结果表明,XTD469Q型汽油机总体结构的集成强化型设计技术,以及冷却系统、润滑系统和正时传动系统的研发技术,保证了发动机工作的可靠性,提高了其使用寿命。而对换气系统和燃烧系统的优化设计,以及采用机外净化技术,使该机的排放指标得到了进一步优化。     

不同药剂、不同药械防除小麦田杂草田间药效对比试验

作者简介:张祥,男,1977年生,安徽六安人,高级农艺师,本科学历,从事种子农药管理和农业执法工作,邮箱:14025035@qq.com。     

宫净康治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎疗效的对比试验

奶牛子宫内膜炎是引起奶牛不孕的常见疾病之一。我县一规模奶牛场共存栏奶牛约980头,其中成年适繁母牛460头,均为全年舍饲饲养。2010年该场奶牛子宫内膜炎发病率高达55%以上,严重影响了本场的生产和发展。该实验从我县一规模奶牛场中共收集病例100头,分成4组,每组25头,经过2个疗程的治疗和对比试验,结果表明使用宫净康进行子宫内灌注治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎效果非常好。     

近55 a内蒙古极端降水指数时空变化特征

基于内蒙古100个气象站点1960-2014年日降水数据,选取气候变化监测与指数专家组(ETCCDI)推荐的9个极端降水指数,采用Sen’s斜率法和Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验方法以及空间地统计方法,研究了极端降水指数时空演变特征。结果表明:研究区区域平均的全部极端降水指数均呈不同程度的下降趋势,且年际波动显著;分区的年际趋势有所差异,即东部地区潮湿日数(NW)呈增加趋势,其余极端降水指数均呈减少趋势,其中持续干燥指数(CDD)呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05);中部地区所有极端降水指数均呈减少趋势,其中年总降水量(PRCPTOT)减少趋势较明显;西部地区持续湿润指数(CWD)、强降水量(R95)、单日最大降水量(Rx1day)、5日最大降水量(Rx5day)呈减少趋势,其余指数均呈增加趋势。从极端降水指数变化趋势的空间分布特征来看,区域差异显著,总体上呈下降趋势的站点主要分布于内蒙古东部和中部地区,而呈上升趋势的站点主要分布于内蒙古东北部和西部地区。     

两种预测函数在土壤测试分析中应用的比较

介绍了EXCEL软件中的FORECAST和INTERCEPT\SLOPE两种预测函数,举例说明了在土壤养分测试分析中应用这两函数进行数据处理的方法。通过比较,认为二者只是表现形式不同,计算原理完全相同,可根据不同要求选择使用。     

Using the Idexx SediVue Dx to predict the need for urine bacteriologic culture in cats

We analyzed urine samples from 191 cats for bacteriuria with an automated urine sediment analyzer (Idexx SediVue Dx), combined with image review by an observer, and compared to bacteriologic culture results. Sixty-nine samples were unambiguously assigned to be free of bacteria by the instrument and the observer, and no bacterial growth was detected. Twenty-seven samples were unambiguously assigned to have bacteriuria; 24 of these 27 samples were culture-positive. For these samples, bacteriuria was predicted with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. A clear assignment was not possible for 95 samples, 81 of which were culture-negative. Specificity dropped to 45% when all samples were considered. Using the automated leukocyte count to predict bacteriuria, sensitivity was 82% and specificity was 75%. Automated sediment analysis is faster and less observer-dependent than sediment analysis under a microscope, but accurate detection of bacteriuria remains difficult in a large proportion of samples. Bacteriuria was significantly associated with leukocyte count; the leukocyte count was >5/high power field in 82% of culture-positive samples.