Physiological Analysis of Yield Variation in Mungbean (Vigna radiata [Roxb.] Wilczek)

Two mungbean varieties, Guj-1 and PIMS-1 differing in their productivity potential, were examined to investigate their photosynthetic system at various stages of growth in relation to yield with two different dates of sowing. Vertical leaves were found to be beneficial. On the other hand, excessive leaf area during the later stages of growth may be detrimental to yield. Lower LAD at seedling stage and overall high NAR values may be reflected in higher grain yield. NAR declined as season progressed and this, in turn, may be related with increase in LAI. The grain yield was considerably more at the first date of sowing as compared to second date of sowing, the effect was being more pronounced in var. PIMS-1 . Various environmental factors recorded at two different dates of sowing and at various stages of growth indicated that these factors may have influenced the yield potential at two different dates of sowing.     

The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat

Three field experiments were carried out in organically grown winter wheat in Denmark. The treatments were sowing time (normal or late sowing) and false seedbed, row width (12 and 24 cm) and weed control method [untreated; mechanical weed control (weed harrowing at 12 cm supplemented with inter‐row hoeing at 24 cm); and herbicide weed control]. Weed biomass in midsummer was greatest on plots sown at the normal sowing time (compared with delayed sowing) and was reduced by mechanical or chemical weed control (compared with untreated plots). Row width alone had no influence on weed biomass, but in the experiment with high weed pressure, the more intensive mechanical weed control used at a row width of 24 cm reduced weed biomass. Normal sowing time tended to give higher yields, but this was only statistically significant in one of the three experiments. Wide rows gave a yield decrease in the experiment with low weed pressure. The effect of weed control on yield was dependent on the weed pressure. At low weed pressure, mechanical weed control caused a yield decrease compared with untreated or herbicide treated. At intermediate weed levels there were no differences, whereas at high weed pressure, mechanical weed control and herbicide treatment caused a yield increase compared with untreated. False seedbeds were shown to contribute to a decrease in the soil seed reserve.     

缓释氮肥配施尿素对迟播小麦产量形成及氮素利用的影响

为建立稻茬迟播小麦树脂包膜缓释氮肥高效施肥模式与技术,以冬小麦品种扬麦23为材料,以43%树脂包膜缓释氮肥(PCU,含氮43%)和尿素(U,含氮46%)为氮肥,设置“一次性基施”(A)与“一基一追”(B)2种施肥模式,共形成100%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施(A1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+20%尿素基施(A2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+40%尿素基施(A3)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素返青期追施(B1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素拔节期追施(B2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素返青期追施(B3)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素拔节期追施(B4)等7个施肥处理,分析了缓释氮肥与尿素配施对迟播小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖动态、干物质积累、叶面积指数、SPAD值、氮素利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明,一次性基施模式处理(A1～A3)的小麦产量显著低于常规施肥(CK,基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2);“一基一追”两次施肥模式处理(B1～B4)的产量显著高于CK,泰州与扬州两地分别平均增产5.77%和5.64%,其中B4处理产量最高,分别为8 796....     

1980～2002年中国农地利用变化的时序特征

该文依托1980～2002年的全国农产品成本收益资料与中国农业统计年鉴等基础资料,以农地利用过程中的主要农作物为例,对农地利用过程中集约度、播种面积与耕地撂荒变化的时序特征及其驱动因素进行了研究。结果表明：近20多年来,中国农地利用的集约度与总播种面积均有不断提高与扩大的总体趋势,但在扩大过程中却有三次显著下降变化,在集约度下降时期(1984～1986年、1992～1993年、1997～1999年),农作物播种面积明显缩小,农地弃耕撂荒现象开始显著增加;导致这些变化的根本原因同农地利用过程中成本要求与土地要素纯收益的变化密切相关,但在时间响应上,由于农户要经过一个“观望-权衡-行动”的响应过程,从而往往滞后1～3年。     

马早期流产相关功能基因挖掘的研究

旨在探究与马早期流产相关的功能基因.在同一舍饲马群体中筛选配种后45 d能够检查到胚胎,但2～4个月后发生流产的母马10匹(流产组),以及能正常分娩的母马10匹(分娩组).采集马匹血液样本,提取基因组DNA.全基因组平均测序深度为10×,基因组覆盖度97％以上,每个样本大约测得4×106个SNP.对流产组和分娩组的全基...     

河南省动物疫病监测预警体系建设的现状及建议

为了有效的防控动物疫病,提高动物疫病的综合防控能力,针对新形势下的动物疫病流行特点,河南省建立了动物疫病监测预警体系。论文介绍了河南省动物疫病监测预警体系的组成部分和监测网络,以及各个监测主体的具体职责。通过对河南省动物疫病监测预警体系现状的分析,指出了此体系中存在的主要问题和不足,并对体系的完善提出了几点建议。     

皖西南地区春播牧草的适应性研究

对皖西南地区春播的9个牧草品种的适应性,草产量和营养成分进行分析,结果表明:墨西哥玉米、菊苣、杂交狼尾草、甜高粱产量高,干草产量和鲜草产量均在95 t/hm2和15 t/hm2以上,适应性强,品质优良,适合在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。苦荬菜和籽粒苋产量中等,蛋白质含量高达22%以上,青绿多汁,适口性好,可以做为优质牧草在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。饲用玉米、皖草2号、苏丹草产量较低,鲜草产量均在70 t/hm2以下,饲用玉米无再生性,皖草2号、苏丹草在高温条件下病虫害严重,种植时应该注意病虫害防治。     

油菜精量直播机凸轮摇杆式播量调节机构设计与试验

针对不同区域的油菜种植农艺差异、不同播期播量差异及播量范围变化大的生产实际,该文设计了一种输出轴与输入轴转速速比范围为0.1～0.45的凸轮摇杆式油菜精量直播机播量调节装置。解析了调节机构的基本运动原理,分析了凸轮摇杆机构凸轮轮廓曲线及从动件运动规律,所设计凸轮轮廓曲线呈纺锤形,从动件位移曲线为螺旋曲线,从动件速度变化曲线为一峰三柱点曲线,从动件角速度变化曲线为2条不同振幅与频率的正弦曲线合并而成。开展了播量调节装置速比精确性和对排种器排种性能影响试验。试验结果表明,不同输入轴转速下,速比为0.2～0.45时播量调节装置输出轴转速相对误差值对比速比为0.1～0.2时较小,平均误差低于3.8%;不同输入轴转速、种床带前进速度下播量调节装置对排种器排种性能影响较小,播量调节装置可实现油菜不同播量需求。预调播量为5 500和6 720 g/hm2进行田间试验,结果表明,油菜各行1 m内平均苗数为16和20,符合预调播量;各行苗数一致性变异系数为6.48%和8.19%,播量调节装置满足油菜对变量播种的农艺要求。     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

应用灰色关联度分析法综合评价引进的爪哇稻资源

为了筛选到优异的种质资源用于水稻育种研究,对来自于不同国家和地区的95份爪哇稻分8期播种,考察了株高、穗长、单株穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率和播始历期共8个农艺性状。以超级稻Y两优1号为模型构建的理想品种的农艺性状值为参考序列,利用灰色关联模型,求得理想品种与各爪哇稻的关联度系数,根据关联度系数大小对爪哇稻品种排序。结果表明,爪哇稻各农艺性状既受自身遗传背景的影响,也受外部环境因素的影响,但每个性状受环境因素影响的程度不同。爪哇稻各农艺性状间的密切程度不同,要想提高爪哇稻的结实率,应注重筛选每穗实粒数和单株穗数较高的品种。应用灰色关联度分析法筛选出LABELLE-2、IR71217-24-1-2、IAPAR9、MUAT MENIA 16238、C711098、IRAT 109、MD762、MD756、KIYALEH和PANTIA等综合性状较好的爪哇稻品种。