QTL mapping for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content in a population of Capsicum annuum ‘NB1’ × Capsicum chinense ‘Bhut Jolokia’

Capsaicinoids are pungent compounds used for industrial and medical purposes including food, medicine and cosmetics. The Indian local variety ‘Bhut Jolokia’ (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is one of the world's hottest chilli peppers. It produces more than one million Scoville heat units (SHUs) in total capsaicinoids. In this study, our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the high content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in ‘Bhut Jolokia’. Capsicum annuum ‘NB1’, a Korean pepper inbred line containing 14 000 SHUs, was used as a maternal line. An F₂ population derived by crossing between ‘NB1’ and ‘Bhut Jolokia’ was generated to map QTLs for capsaicinoids content. A total of 234 markers, including 201 HRM, 21 SSR, 2 CAPS and 10 gene‐based markers of the capsaicinoid synthesis pathway, were mapped. The final map covered a total distance of 1175.2 cM and contained 12 linkage groups corresponding to the basic chromosome number of chilli pepper. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content were analysed in 175 F₂ pepper fruits using the HPLC method. The maximum total capsaicinoids content was 1389 mg per 100g DW (dry weight), and the minimum content was 11 mg per 100g DW. Two QTLs (qcap3.1 and qcap6.1) for capsaicin content were identified on LG3 and LG6, and two QTLs (qhdc2.1 and qdhc2.2) for dihydrocapsaicin content were located on LG2. We did not detect QTLs for total capsaicinoids content. The QTL positions for capsaicin content were different from those for dihydrocapsaicin content. These results indicate that the complexity of selecting for more pungent chilli peppers must be considered in a chilli pepper breeding programme. The QTL‐linked markers identified here will be helpful to develop more pungent pepper varieties from ‘Bhut Jolokia’, a very hot pepper.     

小米辣辣椒素类物质含量测定

【目的】对小米辣Capsicum frutescens的辣椒素类物质合成规律进行研究.【方法】采用高效液相色谱法,对花后13个不同时期小米辣胎座、果肉的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量进行检测,结合SAS软件的多因素方差法进行分析.【结果和结论】辣椒素类物质在胎座和果肉中均能合成;其合成随花后果实发育逐渐增加到最高值,而后略微降低;其含量的高低与辣椒果实中组织部位和合成时期显著相关(P=0.00≤0.01),以胎座部位最多(22 d的质量分数达11.418 mg·g-1).     

高效液相色谱-荧光法测定辣椒素和二氢辣椒素

建立了一种测定辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的反相高效液相色谱荧光法。样品中的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素用乙腈提取,以水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,HP ODS Hypersil(5μm,250 mm×4 mm i.d)柱分离,用荧光检测器(λex=229 nm,λem=320 nm)测定。研究表明辣椒素和二氢辣椒在0.02~125.00μg/mL范围内,峰面积与待测物的质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.999 9,相对标准偏差在0.44%和2.74%之间,回收率为80.8%~99.9%。该方法操作简便、快速,适用范围广,重现性好,灵敏度高。     

不同干椒品种中辣椒素总含量的比较

采用HPLC法对30份干椒品种中所含的辣椒素、二氢辣椒素含量进行了测定。结果表明：干椒中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量因品种而异,变异系数大,变异系数分别为77.44%和82.62%;辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量的频次分布趋势基本相同;辣椒素总含量和辣度的频次分布趋势也基本相同。     

Optimal Control of Unreliable Manufacturing Systems Based on Valid Surplus

主要对辣椒素研究概况及生物学功能进行了综述,并对不同的辣椒素提取方法进行了探讨.同时对辣椒素的应用前景也进行了展望.