The use of getting up and lying down movements in the evaluation of cattle environments

The aim of this review is to find out if getting up and lying down movements can be used as one of several parameters when evaluating different cattle environments. Getting up and lying down movements are performed according to innate movement patterns. An unsuitable environment can cause these movements to become incomplete or abnormal and so lead to injuries. Physiological measurements at lying down show a greater change in tethered cattle than in cattle kept on deep litter. In short stalls the use of certain types of tethers and the height of the manger edge affect the normal getting up and lying down movements. Unsuitably designed cubicles in loose housing systems can lead to changed movement patterns. Calves and fattening bulls have fewer lying down and getting up movements and longer lying intervals on slatted floors than on deep litter. Calves kept in small individual crates carry out a large percentage of their lying down and getting up procedures abnormally. In this review it is shown that it is possible to make improvements in the environment of cattle by using results from studies of these behaviour patterns. The conclusion is that getting up and lying down movements can be used as one of several parameters when evaluating different cattle environments.     

架子牛肥育综合技术研究

该文从架子牛的选购、驱虫、肥育期的饲养管理、日粮营养等方面做了系统的研究。结果表明,选择2～3岁的夏洛来牛或西门塔尔牛的改良后代,采用高能量高蛋白质日粮可以获得较高的经济效益。     

论我党历史上的三次经验总结及其重大意义

在我党历史上先后有过3次大的经验总结，促进了党的自身建设及理论上的成熟。第一次总结为中国民主革命的胜利奠定了基础；第二次总结找到了有中国特色的社会主义建设道路；第三次总结把党对历史经验的总结提高到一个崭新的高度，为全面建设小康社会提供了有力的保证。     

黔东南土鸡不同醒抱方法的效果研究

为研究黔东南土鸡的醒抱方法,将刚进入抱窝状态的母鸡分成4个组,分别采用4种不同的醒抱方法进行试验。I组自然醒抱;Ⅱ组自由活动,加喂异烟肼;Ⅲ组采取隔离;lV组采取隔离,加喂异烟肼。结果表明：（1）醒抱时间：Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组比较,均差异极显著（P〈0．01）;Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组比较,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）复产时...     

A short note on the horizontal and vertical movements of a whale shark, Rhincodon typus, tracked by satellite telemetry in the South China Sea

Whale sharks, a global migratory species, are often reported entangled in fishing nets in coastal areas of China. The effectiveness of conservation measures has been constrained by very limited knowledge on their movements and preferred habitats in the coastal areas of China. For the first time, we tracked the movements of 2 whale sharks by satellite telemetry in Mainland China. The tracking results of 1 whale shark revealed that it travelled in the South China Sea in a south-eastern direction, parallel to the eastern coast of Vietnam. Total distance travelled was 1018 km, in approximately 74 days, with a mean speed of 14 km per day. It appeared to head towards the cool upwelling zones in southern Vietnam at the time of the tag's detachment. In our study, it was observed that this whale shark was a surface dweller and spent approximately 45% of its time above 10 m water depth and 90% of its time above 50 m depth. It also tended to stay in water temperatures between 27 and 30 °C, and was rarely recorded in water below 20 °C. This preliminary study indicates the importance of shallow waters as the foraging habitat for whale sharks, and has implications for their management and conservation.     

暖卫工程施工质量通病的发生与防治

本文论述了暖卫工程跑、冒、滴、漏、堵等五大质量通病的发生原因及防治方法建议等。     

液相色谱法分析烟草中吡虫啉

建立了一种测定烟草中吡虫啉的简单、有效的高效液相色谱法,该方法以丙酮在超声波辅助下提取样品,保证了吡虫啉的提取效率;使用C18处理柱净化样品,有效地消除了干扰物的影响;采用梯度洗脱方式进行分离与测定,改善了色谱峰形。     

利用GIS进行耕地质量评等定级方法的探讨

在对耕地的质量传统评估方法分析的基础上,按照耕地质量评估的基本原则,提出了利用GIS技术进行耕地质量的评等定级的思想,重点阐述了基于域和基于对象两种耕地质量评等定级的方法,评等定级的基础工作是建立各参评项目的地理数据库;叠加分析则是评等定级的关键工作;最后提出了以耕地质量评等定级成果为基础建立耕地信息管理系统的设想。