Isolation of a pure thornless loganberry by meristem tip culture

Summary Thornless Loganberry (TL) is a periclinal chimeral blackberry in which a layer of mutant (thornless) epidermis surrounds a core of wild-type (thorny) tiusse. Due to its chimeral arrangement, TL produces thorny adventitious root cuttings and thorny offspring. To separate the chimera into its components parts, meristems of TL were grow in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog medium to yield callus and adventitious shoots. One of these shoots has survived, flowered, and produced thornless offspring from seed. The importance of this non-chimeral TL is discussed.List of terms BA 6-benzylaminopurine - GA₃ gibberellic acid - NAA naphthalene acetic acid - hybridberry polyploid bramble interspecific hybrids - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962) high mineral salt medium - TL Thornless Loganberry - TL_tc tissue culture-derived (non-chimeral) Thornless Loganberry     

Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops

BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small‐fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5–14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact‐mode‐of‐action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small‐fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small‐fruit crops. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The Characterization of Heavy Metals in the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cultivar Rkatsiteli and Wild Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) from East Serbia by ICP-OES and BAFs

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, in combination with calculation of various biological factors, was used in this study not only for a simple illustration of the present status of some essential and non-essential metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the grapevine cultivar Rkatsiteli and wild blackberry from East Serbia but also for the estimation of plant bioaccumulation potentials. Great majority of detected metal concentrations were in normal ranges except in few cases: Zn concentrations were at the level of deficiency in almost all plant parts, and some Cu and As concentrations were at the levels that could be considered phytotoxic. Biological accumulation factors provided very informative data on metal accumulation and translocation in both plants and pointed to low accumulation rates of metals except in the case of Cu, Zn, and As in some wild blackberry tissues.     

黑莓果实发育过程中多酚类物质的变化规律

选用黑莓Boysen和Kiowa品种研究了黑莓果实发育过程中多酚类物质的变化规律.结果显示:黑莓果实总多酚和鞣花酸含量在果实发育初期含量最高,发育过程中的前6天急剧下降,然后缓慢下降,但累计量逐渐上升,累积速率在果实发育的前期和后期较快,发育中期增长缓慢;总花色苷在果实成熟后期才开始形成,含量和累积量增长迅速,直至果实成熟时达到最大值.     

Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining Rubus anglocandicans

Rubus anglocandicans is the most widespread and abundant blackberry species within the European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) aggregate in Western Australia (WA). European blackberry is also one of the 32 Weeds of National Significance in Australia. A disease recorded as ‘blackberry decline’ was first observed in some blackberry sites in WA in 2006. A disease survey was conducted in the Manjimup‐Pemberton region along the Warren and Donnelly River catchments in WA between 2010 and 2012. Phytophthora amnicola, P. bilorbang, P. cryptogea, P. inundata, P. litoralis, P. multivora, P. taxon personii, P. thermophila and a P. thermophila × amnicola hybrid were recovered from declining and adjacent decline‐free sites, as well as from streams and rivers. Phytophthora cinnamomi was isolated from dying Banksia and Eucalyptus species from two non‐decline sites. Of these species, P. bilorbang and P. cryptogea were more pathogenic than the others in under‐bark inoculations using excised stems (primocanes), in planta primocane inoculations in blackberry growing wild in native forest stands, and in glasshouse pot trials. It was concluded that blackberry decline is a complex syndrome and Phytophthora species, in particular P. bilorbang and P. cryptogea, together with temporary inundation, are major biotic and abiotic factors contributing to blackberry decline.     

悬钩子离体叶片和茎段的培养及植株再生

采自离体繁殖枝条的悬钩子叶片能够在 MS 培养基上有效地分化出幼芽,分化率达79.17%。最佳植物生长调节剂组合是1.0mg·L~(-1)BAP 和0.1mg·L~(-1)IBA。在这一条件下,持续黑暗大大提高了分化率。叶片上的刻伤提高了分化率,但叶片切块却没有分化出芽。叶片在培养基上放置的方向对分化率没有影响。在同样培养基上,悬钩子茎段(无芽)也分化出幼芽,分化率达54.17%。叶柄难以再生,平均分化率仅有4.17%。     

The inheritance of thornlessness from tissue culture-derived ‘Thornless evergreen’ blackberry

Summary Thornless Evergreen (TE) blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.) is a tetraploid thornless periclinal chimera which produces thorny adventitious root suckers and breeds as if it were genetically thorny. Using tissue culture procedure, several pure thornless (non-chimeral) plants were obtained from TE. These tissue cultured-derived plants (TE_tc) were grown to maturity, flowered, hybridised with various thorny and thornless cultivars, and selfed. When TE and TE_tc were used as female parents, a high degree (ca 94%) of the seedlings were apomictic. However, both thorny and thornless sexual offspring occurred in all crosses. The thornless: thorny segregation ratios suggest that the thornless gene(s) of TE_tc is (are) dominant to the thorny alleles.     

黑莓干酒酿造工艺研究

对黑莓干酒酿造工艺进行了研究.结果表明,采用原汁活化F10酵母,接种量为0.2g/L,用黑莓清汁在22～24℃发酵,不但发酵速度快,而且颜色清亮透明,酒香和果香细腻,口味纯正,产品符合有关国家标准.     

黑莓愈伤组织细胞悬浮培养条件研究

为获得黑莓细胞悬浮培养的最佳条件,以黑莓品种Kiowa无菌苗叶片、叶柄产生的质地疏松的嫩黄色颗粒状愈伤组织为初始材料,考察了培养基种类、糖种类、蔗糖浓度、激素种类、2,4-D浓度、水解酪蛋白浓度对细胞悬浮培养效果的影响。结果表明:以MS为基础液体培养基、30 g/L蔗糖为碳源、附加1.0 mg/L2,4-D和200 mg/L水解酪蛋白处理愈伤组织,悬浮培养的效果最佳,可以获得最大生物量。     

树莓和黑莓引种品种果实营养成分分析

分析测定了树莓和黑莓引种品种果实营养成分。结果表明，各参试品种(树莓图拉名(Tulameen)、秀美特(Summit)、威廉姆特(Willamette)和黑莓黑巴提(Black buttee)、百胜(Boysen))均含有丰富的营养成分，不同品种在营养成分含量上存在明显的差异，其中以树莓秀美特的营养成分含量最高。