The availability of state-level data on interstate cattle movements in the United States

Knowledge about the patterns of animal movement – particularly feeder-cattle movement – within the USA is necessary in order to anticipate how diseases might be spread geographically. This study was conducted to explore the availability of interstate-level movement data which might be used to develop a more coherent national picture of interstate feeder-cattle movement. State Statistical Offices of the National Agricultural Statistics Service, 1996 (NASS) and Departments of Agriculture in all 50 states were contacted to determine the type of information collected regarding the import and export of feeder cattle. Eighteen of the 50 states contacted recorded updated import and export information by using certificates of veterinary inspection and (occasionally) entry permits for verification. The 18 states were: Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Profiles of import and export data from Kansas, Texas, Colorado and Iowa (the primary receivers of 51% of total 1995 imports) were developed. These four states received at least 50% of their cattle imports from <9 different states. As a result, approximately half of the nation's import movement can be explained by a total of 13 states and Mexico (excluding duplicates). Also, >50% of the exports from Kansas, Texas, Colorado, and Iowa go to ≤3 states. This import and export information confirms conclusions of others that cattle tend to move toward the center of the USA. However, if more states kept comprehensive, up-to-date records of movement information, knowledge about cattle-movement patterns in the USA would be importantly increased. The lack of specific notations on certificates of veterinary inspection can lead only to perceived trends; the present records have limited value in tracking animal movement.     

欧盟屠宰检疫检验规则研究

作者对欧盟有关畜禽屠宰检验检疫法规指令、英国实施屠宰检疫的具体做法进行的研究梳理,旨在为我国制定实施相关屠宰检疫检验法规制度,开展屠宰行业管理提供借鉴和参考。     

The effect of the pH of meat on the boiling test

The effect of the pH on the boiling test was studied in 68 beef and 108 pork muscles. The pH had a significant effect on the sensory scores obtained from the boiling test. The effect was particularly pronounced in the odour of meat. In beef the odour scores remain steady for samples with a pH value under about 6.2 and start to increase rapidly in higher pH values. In pork the increase in scores appears to be linear. The odour observed in high pH meat was described by the judges as abnormal and ammonialike. In the case of meat with a high pH, the results of the boiling test at meat inspection should be interpreted with extreme caution.     

A Slaughter Slab Survey for Extra-Intestinal Porcine Helminth Infections in Northern Tanzania

A survey on extra-intestinal porcine helminths was conducted at three slaughter slabs that receive pigs from Mbulu, a district endemic for porcine cysticercosis in northern Tanzania. Seventy carcases of pigs between 1 and 2 years old were examined between December 1997 and March 1998. The examination involved ante-mortem lingual examination for Taenia solium cysticercosis followed by post-mortem inspection. In addition, a laboratory procedure was performed to determine whether any of these domestic pigs were infected with Trichinella species. Parasites detected were Ascaris suum (44.3%), Echinococcus granulosus (4.3%) and Taenia hydatigena (1.4%). The lack of cases of porcine cysticercosis in this study compared to previous studies suggests that pig traders are conducting their own ante-mortem lingual examinations before purchasing pigs in the rural communities where the parasite is still highly prevalent. It is concluded that improved meat inspection could prove useful in reducing the local population's risk of infection with these parasites. The results of this study have revealed the parasites of agricultral and public health importance in the targeted communities. Further epidemiological investigations are required to better determine parasite prevalence and impact in order to formulate appropriate and cost-effective strategies for control.     

上海市规模化猪场保育猪传染病的调查分析

于2003年-2004年间对上海的13个规模化猪场的保育猪进行了集中采样,并结合临床检查、细菌学检测、血清学检测和病毒学诊断等方式对保育猪传染病进行了综合性调查,基本弄清了保育猪传染病的主要致病因子,为采取切实有效的针对性措施提供了技术支持。     

对12批市售阿莫西林产品监察结果的思考

对市售12批阿莫西林产品进行监督检查,结果含量均不符合规定,并存在企业伪造GMP证、套用兽药产品批准文号、擅自使用未批准的商品名等违规现象.本文从兽药产品文号、主要成分含量、成分、标签和说明书等方面分析产生的原因,并提出了加强管理的意见.     

运用强夯法加固油罐深层回填地基

加固回填地基的方法主要有分层回填碾压、桩基和强夯加固3种方法。而强夯加固法是一种适用范围较广的地基处理方法,具有效果显著、施工方便、节材省时等优点。其主要技术指标是影响深度、单击夯击能、夯击次数、夯击遍数及夯点间距。以秦皇岛首站5号10×10~4m~3油罐深层回填地基处理实践为例,着重介绍了运用强夯加固法回填地基的处理方法,根据初步确定的强夯参数,提出强夯试验方案,在具有代表性的场地中选取一个或几个试验区,进行现场试夯,再根据不同土质条件,待试夯结束一至数周后,对试夯区进行测试,并与夯前测试数据进行对比,用以检验强夯效果、确定工程采用的各项强夯参数。强调了在强夯施工中应注意的事项。     

中国草种业标准现状分析

草种子不仅是草业与畜牧业的基石,还是生态文明建设以及城镇景观绿化的重要载体。我国虽是草地资源和草种子利用大国,但却是草种业弱国。标准化是推动草种业快速高质量发展的关键,历经30多年的不懈努力,我国的草种业标准化也取得了积极的进展,但是目前的草种业标准体系还处于混沌状态,缺乏系统的梳理。为了进一步加强和完善我国草种业标准体系构建,推动草种业高质量发展,本文尽可能详细地检索和筛选草种业的现行标准,从种质资源、生产加工、质量检验、包装、贮藏和运输,播种5个方面进行梳理。在此基础上分析了现行标准体系的薄弱之处,提出了需要更新以及尚需制定标准的建议,为草种业标准的制定者和应用者提供服务和便利,为草种业标准体系的完善提供参考。     

美国畜禽屠宰检疫制度介绍

国务院调整畜禽屠宰管理职能后,畜禽屠宰行业由农业部负责管理,生猪屠宰检疫管理制度亟待进一步完善。本文介绍了美国畜禽屠宰检疫的法律依据、管理体制、检疫人员、检疫的内容和程序,以及检疫出证等内容,希望可以为我国屠宰检疫制度建设提供参考。     

不同感染时期和感染量对家蚕微粒子病胚种传染率的影响

胚种传染率是家蚕成品卵检验方案设计的基础,为此本试验调查了家蚕微粒子虫不同感染时期和感染剂量对白玉和秋丰胚种传染率的影响.结果表明:在5龄期感染时期越早胚种传染率越高;个体间的抵抗性对不同剂量的感染所造成的胚种传染率有较大的影响;白玉和秋丰的平均胚种传染率分别为28.5%和30.4%.