复合促生菌剂发酵条件优化及其对青稞促生效果评价

为研制复合植物根际促生菌(Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)菌剂,提升菌体生物量,提高菌剂促生能力,本研究以3株分离自高寒草地的优良PGPR菌株组成复合菌系,通过单因素试验及响应面法Box-Be-hnken试验设计,优化复合菌系发酵培养基成分及培养条件,并通过盆栽试验评...     

番茄早疫病菌拮抗细菌的筛选及其抑制作用

为了筛选对番茄早疫病菌具有生防作用的菌株,利用前期研究获得的17株促生菌,采用平板对峙法测定其对病原真菌的拮抗作用及对菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果发现,可有效拮抗番茄早疫病菌的生防菌有2株,其中,菌株FX2的抑菌活性较好,抑制率达到70.52%,菌株LHS11的抑制率为65.34%。菌株FX2和LHS11可通过次生代谢物抑制病原真菌,其中菌株LHS11的发酵液对番茄早疫病菌的抑制率达到65.40%,菌株FX2的发酵液的抑制率为47.26%。菌株FX2和LHS11能使病原菌菌丝发生不同程度扭曲变形。     

九种根际促生菌最适培养条件初探

测定了分离自燕麦和小麦根际九株促生菌对温度、pH值、光照及培养方式的需求,结果表明:虽然九株促生菌适应范围较广,即在5~45℃、pH4~9、3种光照条件(12h黑暗12h光照、24h光照和24h黑暗)和3种培养方式(全天振荡、间歇振荡和静止培养)下均能较好生长,但不同菌株的最适培养条件不尽相同。通过对各菌株的最适培养条件进行了测定和分析,为后续确定促生菌的最佳发酵条件和生态适应性评价提供了依据。     

东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌群落组成研究

为明确东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌的群落组成,选择内蒙古自治区鄂温克族自治旗、黑龙江省海伦市、黑龙江省克山县和黑龙江省农垦红兴隆农场4个采样点,分析了大豆根际自生固氮菌、解磷菌、溶磷菌和硅酸盐细菌的群落组成,解析了促生菌种与地域之间的对应关系。结果表明:东北黑土区的大豆根际土壤中存在大量促生菌,自生固氮菌达到104cfu.g 1,溶磷菌和解磷菌达到105cfu.g 1,硅酸盐细菌达到103cfu.g 1;分离得到具有自生固氮能力的菌株5株,溶磷菌6株,解磷菌7株,硅酸盐细菌4株;自生固氮菌多样性指数在0.94~1.60之间,溶磷菌多样性指数在0.83~1.52之间,解磷菌的多样性指数在1.07~1.67之间,硅酸盐细菌多样性指数在0.52~0.96之间,4个取样点大豆根际促生菌的多样性指数均大于2。采用对应分析确定了不同地区的典型促生菌,内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN8(Azotobacter beijerinckia indica),黑龙江省海伦市的特征种为溶磷菌DHS13(Micrococcus),黑龙江省克山县的特征种为溶磷菌DHS19(Pseudomo-nas),黑龙江省红兴隆农场的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN1(A.chrooco-ccum)和溶磷菌DHS5(Azotobacter)。同时明确了LLN2(A.azomonas)、LLN6(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、DHS9(Arthrobacter)、DHSO2(Pseudomonas)、DHSO14(Erwinia)、DHSO17(Corynebacterium)和LSJ21(Bacillus)在东北黑土区大豆根际分布较为广泛,这些菌株为研发中国东北黑土区大豆专用型复合生物肥料提供了基础条件。     

Characterization of Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 for Phenol Degradation and Plant Growth Promotion and Its Application in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

A key issue when researching land degradation is the pollution of soils. For bioremediation of contaminated soil, Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 cells were obtained from soil and grown on mineral salt medium with initial phenol concentrations of 650 mg L⁻¹ and 850 mg L⁻¹, which were found to degrade more than 98% of phenol content in less than 4 days. About 90% of phenol content (with initial concentration of 250 mg kg⁻¹ soil) was removed from soil inoculated with XTB‐5 cells in 6 days. More than 90% of phenol content was removed within 20 days after co‐introduction of XTB‐5 cells and plants to sterilized soil in a greenhouse or to natural soil in field trials. But under the same conditions, individual introduction of plants to sterilized soil in the greenhouse reduced phenol content by about 50% and introduction to natural soil in field trials reduced phenol content by about 38%, suggesting that phytoremediation of phenol is often inefficient and microorganisms can efficiently degrade this pollutant. In addition, strain XTB‐5 was found to solubilize phosphate and produce 1‐Aminocyclopropane‐1‐Carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and siderophore. Strain XTB‐5 promoted plant growth in both phenol‐absent and phenol‐spiked soil under greenhouse and field conditions. Considering that ACC deaminase is beneficial to plant growth under adverse environmental conditions, plant growth promotion by XTB‐5 in phenol‐contaminated soil is not only due to XTB‐5 cell‐degradation of phenol and reduced phytotoxicity but also to production of ACC deaminase. Hence, Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 presents an attractive microorganism for phytoremediation of contaminated soil and agronomic application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

植物生长促生菌对盐胁迫下水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

JT-5是从水稻根际土壤中分离得到的1株植物生长促生菌。在不同浓度盐(氯化钠)溶液的胁迫下,JT-5对水稻种子的萌发、幼苗的生长发育有显著的促进作用。水稻种子经菌株JT-5处理后,在第三天的发芽势显著地提高。在盐浓度为50、75、100、125 mmol/L时,JT-5处理组水稻种子的发芽势分别为84.44%、92.22%、80.00%和84.44%,而相应的对照组仅为68.89%、54.44%、35.56%和17.78%;同样浓度的盐胁迫下,JT-5能够有效地促进水稻幼苗根长和苗高的生长,分别比对照处理组的根长长10～90 mm和苗高高10～40 mm;JT-5处理组水稻的不定根数多于对照组1.0～2.6条;经JT-5处理后的优势均随盐溶液浓度的增加呈扩大趋势;苗干重和根的含水量(占鲜重)均高于对照组。     

The Effect of a Substrate Containing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizosphere Microorganisms (Trichoderma,Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces) and Foliar Fertilization on Growth Response and Rhizosphere pH of Three Strawberry Cultivars

Abstract

Vegetatively propagated plants of three strawberry cultivars-‘Senga Sengana’, ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Kent’-were grown for 20 weeks in rhizoboxes filled with 1.85 kg of sterilized mineral soil. Ten plants were treated with an N-P-K foliar fertilizer (F, control), or inoculated with a substrate containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma viride and rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR-Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) without any fertilization (M), or inoculated with the mixture of microorganisms and treated with the foliar fertilizer (MF). Total plant biomass was increased by the M treatment in all cultivars. M treatment resulted in higher total root length and number of root tips in ‘Senga Sengana’, whereas the other two cultivars showed different responses of root morphology. Shoot/root ratio was decreased by the M and MF treatments in comparison with control plants. Foliar fertilization of inoculated plants caused different growth responses in the three cultivars and a general decrease of root growth. After the MF treatment, the biomass of ‘Senga Sengana’ increased and the biomass of ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Kent’ decreased. Inoculation with the mycorrhiza-PGPR substrate increased rhizosphere pH irrespective of foliar fertilization. Plant mineral content was highly modified by the treatments in all the cultivars examined. In particular, changes were noted in N, P, K, Fe, B and Mn uptake. The results show an interaction between foliar fertilization and root inoculation with microorganisms, as well as genotype-dependent influences, on growth responses and rhizosphere pH of strawberry plants.     

Productivity of capsicum influenced by conjoint application of isolated indigenous PGPR and chemical fertilizers

Inorganic fertilizers alone cannot sustain high levels of productivity. This study was conducted to determine whether higher productivity of capsicum could be achieved by conjoint application of chemical fertilizers and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Four PGPR isolates (RS₂, RS₃, RS₄, and RS₇) from capsicum roots and rhizosphere were evaluated at Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India), during 2009–2012. Two best performers: RS₂ and RS₇ were tried singly or in consortium with different levels of chemical fertilizers under field conditions, Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. The conjoint use of 100% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) doses through chemical fertilizers (RDF) plus PGPR significantly increased fruit yield, plant height, and biomass by 37%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, over sole application of 100% RDF (control). Further, response of capsicum to 80% RDF plus PGPR was statistically comparable with control. The results, therefore, indicate the potential of isolated PGPR strains to substitute about 20% NP fertilizers besides enhanced productivity of capsicum.     

蚯蚓及植物促生根际细菌对土壤中氮和钾有效性的影响

采用室内试验的方法研究不同接种方式接种威廉环毛蚓(Pheretima guillelmi)、植物促生根际细菌(钾活化细菌(Bacillus mucilaginous PDSK-1)和固氮细菌(Azotobacter chroococcum PDSN-5))对土壤中固氮细菌和钾活化细菌的生长、土壤脲酶的活性以及土壤钾有效性的影响.7种接种方式均明显增加了土壤中固氮细菌和钾活化细菌的生长.蚯蚓活动对土壤中固氮细菌生长的影响有限,但明显增加了钾活化细菌的生长.接种蚯蚓、接种固氮细菌、接种蚯蚓和固氮细菌均明显增加了土壤中脲酶的活性.土壤中脲酶活性和速效钾的浓度分别与土壤中固氮细菌与钾活化细菌的数量成显著正相关关系(P＜0.05).试验结果表明,混合接种方式是一种有潜力的生物技术,可以用来减少农业生产中化肥的施用量.     

Effects of Root Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculations on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Grapevine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven nitrogen (N₂)-fixing and/or phosphorus (P)-solubilizing and siderophore-producing microorganism based bio-fertilizers in single and triple strain combinations isolated from the acidic rhizospheric soil of native tea, grapevine, and wild red raspberries. As a result of this study, bacterial efficiency was found to be variable and depended on the bacterial strains and evaluated growth parameters. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has improved macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in grapevine leaves, and stimulated plant growth. Triple inoculation and single inoculation based bio fertilizers were found to stimulate overall plant growth, including shoot and leaf weight, main shoot length, leaf ground index, chlorophyll, nitrogen, zinc and iron content of grapevine cv ‘Italy’. Bio-fertilizers increased the nutrients such as nitrogen, zinc and iron concentrations and consequently increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves.