桑叶养猪实用技术

桑叶养猪实用技术分为桑树种植技术和桑叶干粉发酵养猪技术两个部分。利用荒地种植桑树,降低生猪养殖饲养成本,桑叶养猪种养结合,成为生态农业典范。桑叶干粉发酵技术,提高了桑叶干粉的可消化率和饲料功能。桑叶干粉发酵料占配方6%~10%,做成桑叶猪饲料,替代3%~5%鱼粉、豆粕等蛋白质饲料,节约了饲料成本。桑叶喂养猪(简称桑叶猪,下同)的猪肉中含有肌苷酸等风味物质,显著提高猪肉胴体品质和猪肉风味。设计猪尿处理,采用红泥膜沼气池降解工程工艺应用后,降解水兑2倍清水对桑树喷灌工艺,减少人工处理劳力和成本费用。设计10%抗非洲猪瘟中药饲料添加剂+桑叶饲料,预期防治非洲猪瘟总效果85%以上。桑叶养猪实用技术可行,供同行参考。     

大湘西地区绿茶风味轮及其滋味类型判别模型构建

以湖南大湘西地区39份绿茶样本为材料,进行感官审评,绘制风味轮,并以主要滋味成分含量为基础建立滋味类型贝叶斯(Bayes)判别模型,旨在了解大湘西地区绿茶品质情况,并为提升大湘西地区绿茶品质提供参考。结果表明:大湘西地区绿茶品质优良,汤色以浅绿色居多;香气类型包括嫩香、嫩栗香、栗香和清香;滋味特征类型有鲜、爽、厚;在此基础上,构建了大湘西地区鲜爽型、醇浓型和其它型绿茶的判别函数,具有较好的准确性,可用于对大湘西地区绿茶滋味类型的预测。     

豆腐干类风味制品试制与质量控制技术的研究

[目的]建立地方特色豆腐干制品常温非制冷保藏的技术。[方法]以生产过程中的减菌消毒措施降低起始菌数目,点浆环节加入优选的食品防腐剂,与熟制、真空包装6、0Coγ射线辐照加工相结合,进行综合控菌。[结果]将清洗、加热灭菌、防止二次污染以及消毒等减菌措施综合运用,可降低豆腐干产品的起始细菌数;如该类产品保质期只要求在常温下5 d之内,可采用在点浆工序中加入丙酸钙（2.5 g/kg）及实施真空包装即可;如保质期要求在常温下30 d,可采用剂量为6 kGy的60Coγ射线对其真空包装制品作辐照处理即可,而其熟制品在同样条件下可放置90 d,产品风味保持良好。[结论]控制起始菌技术与熟制、真空包装6、0Coγ射线辐照加工相结合,进行综合控菌,可实现豆腐干风味制品常温非制冷保藏90 d的目标。     

酸角挥发油香味成分分析及在卷烟中的应用

利用超临界CO2流体萃取酸角挥发油，平均出油率为2．46％。并利用气相色谱仪对酸角挥发油的20种主要香味成分进行了定量分析。通过卷烟加香试验发现，酸角挥发油能有效地掩盖卷烟杂气，使烟气柔和，香气细腻，对改进烟气质量作用明显。     

风味酱鸭加工工艺优化

[目的]优化风味酱鸭的加工工艺。[方法]以鸭腿为原料,选取腌制时间、煮制时间、葡萄糖添加量和酱油添加量进行单因素试验,在此基础上采用正交试验优化,研究各自变量及其交互作用对风味酱鸭风味的影响,并对其工艺参数进行优化。[结果]风味酱鸭的最佳加工工艺条件为：腌制时间12h、煮制时间70min、葡萄糖添加量2．O％、酱油添加量30ml／kg（均以鸭腿的重量计）。在此工艺条件下,酱鸭腿风味口感较好。[结论]该研究可为风味酱鸭的工业化生产提供理论指导。     

高脂高蛋白核桃芝麻乳生产工艺及稳定性研究

[目的]探索高脂高蛋白核桃芝麻乳生产的优化工艺.[方法]以核桃和芝麻为主要原料,对核桃芝麻总量＞20％的高脂高蛋白核桃芝麻乳生产工艺及稳定性进行研究.[结果]以感官品评为指标对打浆条件、添加比例进行研究,确定最佳工艺参数即：速冻低温水打浆及添加核桃21％、芝麻4％时,核桃芝麻乳白度最好、口感较佳且风味独特.以沉淀率、油脂析出率为指标,研究其稳定性,结果表明：采用2次均质（10 MPa和35 MPa）及复配稳定剂（0.3％单甘酯＋0.3％蔗糖酯＋0.2％黄原胶＋0.2％羧甲基纤维素钠＋0.2％琼脂）时,核桃芝麻乳的稳定性最佳.[结论]研究可为高脂高蛋白乳饮料的生产提供理论参考.     

锦橙果实发育过程中香气成分的变化

为了研究锦橙果实发育过程中香气成分的组成及变化,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了10月、11月、12月、翌年1月的锦橙鲜果的挥发性成分,分别检测到47,50,57,46种成分,主要成分为烃类、醛类、醇类和酯类.挥发性物质的总峰面积以及烃类、酯类在12月的果实中达到最大,反式-2-己烯醛、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、顺式-3-...     

条斑紫菜烤制前后特征风味变化研究

为探讨烤制对条斑紫菜(Porpphyra yezoensis)主要风味物质的影响,研究烤制前后条斑紫菜挥发性成分的变化.采用电子鼻、FlavourSpec?风味分析仪和固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)对比分析条斑紫菜在烤制前后挥发性风味物质的组成变化.电子鼻分析结果显示,条斑紫菜烤制前后的挥发性成...     

Flavor supplementation during late gestation and lactation periods increases the reproductive performance and alters fecal microbiota of the sows

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flavor on reproductive performance and fecal microbiota of sows during late gestation and lactation. A total of 20 healthy Yorkshire sows were fed a corn-soybean basal diet unsupplemented or supplemented with 0.1% flavor compound from d 90 of gestation to 25 d post-farrowing, and then the piglets were weaned. The reproductive performance and the fecal microbiota of sows were analyzed. Compared with the controls, flavor supplementation in maternal diets increased (P < 0.05) weaning litter weight, litter weight gain, weaning body weight, and average daily gain of piglets. There was a trend of increase in the average daily feed intake of sows (P = 0.09) by maternal dietary flavor addition. The backfat thickness and litter size were not affected by flavor supplementation (P > 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that flavor supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium (P < 0.05), but significantly decreased genera Terrisporobacter, Alloprevotella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Escherichia-shigella (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Phascolarctobacterum was positively correlated with the average daily feed intake of sows (P < 0.05), the litter weight gain and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05). In contrast, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae were negatively correlated with the litter weight gain and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary flavor supplementation improved the reproductive performance of the sows, which was associated with enhanced beneficial microbiota and decreased potentially pathogenic bacteria in the sows.