改性沥青混凝土原材料质量控制及配合比组成设计

本文结合依宝公路大个岭至万宝公园段施工实例,着重阐述了改性沥青在严寒地区的应用中其材料管理、配合比组成设计两方面的具体实施的经验及体会.     

沉淀／电解集成处理高盐冶金废水实验研究

通过沉淀／电解集成处理高盐冶金废水进行了实验,研究表明：以CaCl2作为沉淀剂,处理冶金萃取废水脱除SO4^2-离子,当原水SO4^2-离子浓度为103．0g／L,投加CaCl2 82．18g／L,出水SO4^2-最低880mg／L,去除率在99．15％;回收CaS04纯度95％～98％,经沉淀处理后的上清液在pH—11．2,极板间距为7mm,电解时间60min,获得氯离子浓度为3200mg／L,氢氧根浓度为40g／L的回用水,可完全满足回用要求。     

多酚羧酸合成功能高分子材料研究(Ⅱ)——没食子酰化改性纤维素合成及其功能特性试验

以没食子酰基为功能基团,以改性纤维素为骨架合成功能高分子材料没食子酰化改性纤维素(没食子酰基-1,6-己二亚胺基-羟丙基-纤维素,CG):先将纤维素与环氧氯丙烷反应,然后依次接上己二胺桥链和三乙酰基没食子酰基,最后将没食子酰基脱去乙酰基得到目标产物。功能试验表明,1g产物能结合明胶49.5mg,并可再生使用。1g产物络合金属离子的能力:Fe3 53.4mg,Cu2 38.7mg,Hg2 46.5mg,Mn2 6.8mg,Zn2 27.9mg,Pb2 57.2mg。产物在稀酸、稀碱、稀醇和热水中具有稳定性。     

水稻基质育秧不同播种量对秧苗素质和产量的影响

为探索有机基质料培育标准化壮秧技术,以武运粳23号和＂科杰＂牌基质为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了5种不同播种量水平对水稻秧苗地上部与地下部性状、大田茎蘖动态及产量的影响。结果表明,随着播种量增加,秧苗地上部和地下部性状差异较大,在播种量为120-210 g/盘范围内,叶绿素含量、盘结力和根系活力则随着播种量增加而增加,在播种量为150-180 g/盘时基质料育出的秧苗更有利于培育健壮的机插秧苗,具体表现为增穗、增粒作用,可以在大面积范围内推广应用。     

Effects of Organic Matter-Rich Amendments on Selenium Mobility in Soils

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the Se dynamics in soil. The potential effects of vermicompost and digestate as important sources of SOM on selenium (Se) mobility were assessed in this study. Three soils differing in their physicochemical parameters, fluvisol, chernozem, and luvisol, were chosen, and three types of vermicomposts based on various bio-waste materials as digestate (vermicompost 1), kitchen waste with woodchips (vermicompost 2), and garden bio-waste (vermicompost 3) were used due to their high organic matter content. Additionally, digestate samples alone were applied. To evaluate the potential effect of vermicompost application on sorption characteristics of soils, batch sorption experiments were performed. The results showed a predominant effect on Se species in the soils, where selenite sorbed more intensively compared to selenate, regardless of the soil and ameliorative material applied. In the control, the soil sorption ability of selenite tended to decrease in the order:fluvisol > luvisol > chernozem. However, these differences were not significant. Moreover, the effects of the ameliorative materials depended on both soil and amendment used. In fluvisol, all the amendment applications resulted in a decrease in distribution coefficient (K_d values) of Se, whereas in chernozem, this effect was observed only for the digestate-based vermicompost 1. Increasing K_d levels were reported in luvisol treated with digestate; the application of garden bio-waste-based vermicompost 3 tended to decrease the K_d values. Further studies are required on long-term effects of these amendments on Se mobility in soils and the role of individual organic matter fractions in this context.     

Influence of organic mulching and nitrogen application on essential oil yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

In a field study conducted at Bangalore, India for two years (2003–2004 and 2004–2005), eight treatment combinations consisting of two variables, organic mulch (lemongrass spent material as mulch at 7.5 t ha^?1 and no mulch) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha^?1) were examined to observe the effect of organic mulching on nitrogen use-efficiency, and herb and essential oil yield in a multiharvested rosemary crop. The results revealed that application of lemongrass spent material as mulch increased the herb and essential oil yields in rosemary by 16.2 and 24.2%, respectively, over the non-mulched control at first harvest. Corresponding values for the regenerated crop harvest were 18.8 and 16.8%. A significant response to N was observed with 300 kg N ha^?1 in non-mulched plots compared with 200 kg N ha^?1 in mulched plots. Using lemongrass spent material as mulch, nitrogen uptake by the rosemary crop increased by 15.1% over the non-mulched control. At 200 kg N ha^?1, apparent recoveries by the crop were estimated to be 33.64% for the non-mulched control, and 37.79% with mulch. The quality of the rosemary essential oil, in terms of the concentrations of its major constituents, α-pinene, 1 : 8 cineole, camphor and verbenone, was not affected by the use of organic mulching and nitrogen fertilization, and these constituents were found to be of astandard acceptable in international trade.     

保定市工业废水农灌的研究

本文论述了保定市工业废水经农灌土地处理,对土壤、地下水和农作物品质的影响。结果表明:以造纸、食品、轻纺和化工为主的工业废水在重金属常年不超出农灌标准下,宜于在非盐化土壤灌溉;废水中硫化物超标,通过土壤生物区系,能降低毒性;废水中常规有机物,农灌后利大于害;只要在土壤容量允许内,可具有二级污水处理工艺不能完成的效果。     

不同剂型硝磺草酮及其原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性评价

[目的]评价不同剂型硝磺草酮及其原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性作用,为硝磺草酮的环境生态风险评估提供基础数据,同时为其安全用药提供参考依据.[方法]采用静态法测定不同剂型硝磺草酮及其原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性作用,并参照化学农药环境安全评价试验准则(GB/T 31270.12-2014),对各供试药剂对斑马鱼96 h的半致死浓度(96 h-LC50)的毒性等级进行划分.[结果]相同染毒时间下,不同剂型硝磺草酮及其原药对斑马鱼的LC50不同.其中,10%硝磺草酮悬浮剂对斑马鱼的96 h-LC50(95%置信限)最低,为6.70(5.18~8.15)mg a.i./L;其次为10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂和75%硝磺草酮悬水分散粒剂,对斑马鱼的96 h-LC50(95%置信限)分别为10.89(9.29~12.43)和38.97(30.83~47.51)mg a.i./L;98%硝磺草酮原药对斑马鱼的96 h-LC50最高,大于1.00×102 mg a.i./L.依据化学农药环境安全评价试验准则(GB/T 31270.12-2014)进行判定,10%硝磺草酮悬浮剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性为中毒,其他3种为低毒,毒性排序为:10%硝磺草酮悬浮剂>10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂>75%硝磺草酮水分散粒剂>98%硝磺草酮原药.[结论]不同剂型硝磺草酮及原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性存在明显差异,其毒性排序为:悬浮剂>可分散悬浮剂>水分散粒剂>原药.因此,田间生产时应合理选择农药产品的剂型,并严格控制施药剂量,尽可能减少药剂进入水域环境对鱼类等水体生物造成影响.     

杨凌示范区城市生活垃圾的理化性质及处理对策研究

为了确定合适的垃圾处理对策,依据城市生活垃圾采样和物理分析方法标准和相关的行业标准对杨凌示范区城市生活垃圾的理化性质进行了为期1年的分析研究。结果表明,垃圾各组分中可腐物占36.88%～55.32%,筛下混合物为15.76%～25.60%,无机物6.75%～35.36%,塑料6.9%～26.00%,垃圾的容重为215.4～429 kg.m-3,含水率为38.87%～53.21%,高位热值为10 082～24 467.6kJ.kg-1,低位热值为4 946～13 929.4 kJ.kg-1;可腐物和筛下混合物中总N为0.592%～2.046%,总P(P2O5)为0.192%～0.820%,总K(K2O)为0.796%～1.686%,重金属Cr为18.72～46.35 mg.kg-1,Cu为67.33～180.04 mg.kg-1,Pb为17.74～72.43 mg.kg-1,Zn为116.71～337.05mg.kg-1,As为9.05～24.14 mg.kg-1。在此基础上,提出堆肥加填埋是当前杨凌示范区生活垃圾最恰当的处理方案。     

抗旱保水袋性能及其在容器苗中的试验研究

为探讨抗旱保水袋在废弃采石场造林中的应用效果,通过室内试验和室外盆栽试验研究了抗旱保水袋性能及对容器苗生长的影响。结果表明:大袋保水袋的吸水速率和吸水倍数比小袋保水袋分别增加1.4倍、1.9倍,在蒸馏水溶液下的吸水速率和吸水倍数比自来水分别增加0.6倍、0.1倍;大袋保水袋的保水率大于小袋保水袋;保水袋能显著增加渣土土壤体积含水量,比对照高1.29倍,苗高平均比对照增加2.36cm,成活率平均比对照增加69.5%,出现死亡天数平均比对照推迟12d。结论得出,抗旱保水袋是干旱、半干旱及半湿润地区废弃采石场困难立地提高造林成活率并促进植被恢复的一种有效方法。