十字花科蔬菜对蛞蝓生长发育的影响

在25℃、开灯1 h,关灯23 h(光照1L:23 D)、湿度20%~30%条件下,采用甘蓝、油菜、花椰菜、大白菜、小白菜饲养蛞蝓,研究蛞蝓的生物活性。结果表明:大白菜上蛞蝓的产卵前期、产卵量与其它4种蔬菜相比差异显著;用甘蓝饲养的蛞蝓平均每天增重量最大,为4.68 g,甘蓝上蛞蝓的种群趋势指数和平均体重增加值与其它4种蔬菜相比差异显著,小白菜和花椰菜上蛞蝓的种群趋势指数与油菜和大白菜相比差异显著。说明不同蔬菜对蛞蝓种群生命力的影响存在差异。     

果蔬复合固体饮料的制备及其对小鼠肝性骨病的预防作用

为开发一种感官营养俱佳的保健食品，该研究以欧李、猕猴桃、胡萝卜、葡萄、柑橘5种果蔬为原料，用喷雾干燥法制备复合固体饮料（以下简称“五果粉”），后以五果粉饲喂雌性C57小鼠，测定血清指标，分析骨微结构，探究其对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肝性骨病的预防作用，为五果粉的制作和营养保健功能提供依据。结果表明：5种果蔬的配方比例为40%欧李、20%猕猴桃、20%胡萝卜、10%柑橘、10%葡萄。添加可溶性固形物总量的40%的复合助干剂（麦芽糊精∶分离乳清蛋白=30∶10）与3%的稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠，喷雾干燥条件：进风温度126℃、进料速度6.3m L/min、转子流量计高度44.00mm、可溶性固形物含量11.00%，在该条件下生产的五果粉集粉率60.86%。血清试验结果表明，给药组小鼠血清中骨钙素和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b的水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）；超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平显著高于模型组（P<0.05），丙二醛水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）；谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05），且与空白组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）；总胆固...     

果蔬差压预冷设备及预冷技术研究

果蔬采后预冷是果蔬贮藏、流通中重要的前处理技术，是果蔬采后保鲜流通冷链的重要环节。差压预冷技术因其成本低、使用灵活，在发达国家广泛应用于果蔬采后处理。此技术很适宜我国果蔬小规模生产、多品种、低成本的生产现状和高品质大流通的发展。本研究借鉴国外发达国家在差压预冷方面的成功经验，通过对引进差压预冷库的研究、测试、消化、吸收，研究出可在冷库中使用的3种不同预冷量的差压预冷通风设备，并建成一次预冷量12 t的差压预冷库。应用此技术，一般蔬菜预冷时间在4～6 h，仅为同等条件下冷库预冷时间的1/4～1/10，预冷过     

施硒对暗棕壤硒状况和森林蔬菜硒积累的影响

以培育富硒森林蔬菜为目标,在暗棕壤上进行了荚果蕨、小叶芹、小根蒜、婆婆丁等4种山野菜施硒试验。硒肥种类为亚硒酸钠,施硒量为0.10~10.00mg kg-1,直接施肥范围为0~15cm表土。经过一个完整的生长周期(1a)后测定土壤和植物硒指标。结果表明,典型暗棕壤对外源亚硒酸钠态硒具有较强吸收与保持能力,从低剂量至高剂量施入的硒有90%~70%以上仍保留在原施硒土层内;其中H2O可溶态硒占全硒的6.03%~3.78%,KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒占全硒的19.36%~37.54%,而且土壤全硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒及H2O可溶态硒皆与最初的施硒量呈线性正相关。在土施强化供硒条件下,4种山野菜均能高量富集硒,其含硒量为对照的1.7~158.9倍;不同植物的富硒能力有差异,它们在递增施硒情况下高量富集硒的变化模式也各有特点。总体来看,山野菜含硒量与施硒量之间为非线性正相关关系,但在一定的较低施硒量范围内这种关系则是线性的,线性范围因植物而异;土壤的可溶态硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效硒甚至全硒等指标与山野菜含硒量之间亦均呈明显的非线性正相关,且施硒量较低时其关系亦表现为线性。初步得出,典型暗棕壤控制施硒是在近自然条件下培育富硒森林蔬菜并获取高富硒生物资源的有效途径;不过,强烈搅动的砂砾质暗棕壤却不利于硒肥保持和植物吸收,不适于富硒森林蔬菜栽培。     

我国两种典型土壤汞的安全阈值研究——以根茎类蔬菜为例

选择我国广泛种植的12个根茎类蔬菜品种(萝卜、胡萝卜和马铃薯各4个品种)和2种典型土壤(江西的红壤和天津的潮土),通过温室盆栽试验,设置汞(Hg)添加浓度为现行《土壤环境质量标准GB 15618-1995》二级标准的1倍和2倍,研究不同根菜品种对Hg的敏感性差别,并利用物种敏感性分布法(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)推导两种土壤的Hg安全阈值。结果表明:根菜产量指标对土壤Hg污染的敏感性存在品种间差异,红壤上的三红八寸参胡萝卜在2倍Hg添加处理下可食部位Hg含量超过食品安全国家标准(0.01 mg/kg),潮土中所有品种均未超标。与土壤类型相比,品种对萝卜、胡萝卜和马铃薯中Hg含量影响均最大。利用BurrⅢ型分布拟合12个根菜品种富集Hg的SSD曲线,通过食品安全国家标准反推,计算出红壤和潮土上保护95%的品种不超标的HC5值即安全阈值分别为0.53 mg/kg和1.2 mg/kg。本研究可为我国土壤重金属环境质量标准的修订提供重要参考。     

Biomass Fly Ash as Foliar Fertilizer for Hybrid Aspen Trees: Nutrient Uptake,Growth Response,and Compatibility with Nitrogen Fertilizer

Biomass ash is an important and potentially useful by-product of the bioenergy industry. As a “proof of concept” for using biomass fly ash as a foliar fertilizer, we tested (i) whether the nutrients in the ash were absorbed by hybrid aspen trees, (ii) whether the ash affected tree growth, and (iii) whether the ash was compatible with nitrogen foliar fertilizer. Four foliar treatments (water [control], ash suspended in water, nitrogen fertilizer solution, and ash suspended in nitrogen fertilizer solution) were evaluated. Several nutrients in the fly ash were absorbed by hybrid aspen both in the greenhouse and in the field; however, this absorption did not significantly affect tree growth in either setting. Nitrogen fertilization was associated with significantly higher tree growth in the greenhouse; inclusion of the fly ash with the nitrogen fertilizer solution did not significantly alter this growth response.     

甘蔗渣堆积物作为基质在无土栽培无公害蔬菜上的效应

每吨甘蔗渣同时加入NH4NO35．0kg、膨化鸡粪50．0kg、堆肥速效菌曲1．5kg堆沤处理后，作为无土栽培黄瓜、番茄和菜薹的基质，产量分别比CK提高12．8％、18．0％、16．4％；NO3^-含量分别比CK降低43.4％、59.8％、57．5％。黄瓜和番茄的NO3^-含量达到国际标准，菜薹的NO3^-含量达到国家标准的要求，其它有害元素的含量也均达到无公害蔬菜产品的质量要求。     

鄂西山区农业气候资源调查,分析与利用的研究

对鄂西山区的农业气候资源进行了调查和考察，在整理、分析的基础上编制了气候资料图表；根据当地农作物种植情况，森林资源、特用植物、中草药的自然分布和山区农业气候资源状况，对如何利用山区农业气候资源进行了一些初步研究。     

Cut logs and high stumps of spruce, birch, aspen and oak - nine years of saproxylic fungi succession

Managed stands generally contain little coarse woody debris compared to natural forests. This study addresses the potential of retained cut wood to increase the amount of substrate available for a variety of saproxylic fungi.Fruit bodies of fungi were recorded from 270 cut high stumps and logs of spruce, birch, aspen and oak over nine years of initial succession. A total of 1565 occurrences of 148 species, seven of which were red-listed, were found. Numbers of species were significantly higher on logs than on stumps. Annual diversity peaked four to seven years after logging, sooner on logs than on stumps. Numbers of species were positively related to substrate diameter, but not to the level of shade/sun-exposure, while the presence of some individual species were significantly affected by one or both of these factors. Comparisons with data from the literature indicated no fundamental differences between fungal communities on cut wood and on naturally dead substrates. We conclude that cut wood left on site, especially logs, may mimic dead wood from trees that die swiftly from natural causes and support diverse fungal communities, both in shaded stands and in open logging sites. Substrates generated by slow self-thinning processes in natural forests however, are probably difficult to mimic in managed stands.     

流通成本视角下蔬菜流通模式的比较研究——基于山东、北京的调查

通过对蔬菜产业链的跟踪调查,归纳出蔬菜由山东寿光到北京的两种典型流通模式,并从流通成本的视角对两种流通模式进行了比较分析.结果发现:大型批发市场流通模式下蔬菜的单位流通成本为0.37元/kg,高于地头市场流通模式下的0.22元/kg;单位质量蔬菜的生产成本高于流通成本,大型批发市场和地头批发市场流通模式下蔬菜的生产成本占流通总成本的比重分别为58％和70％;运输成本和包装材料成本占蔬菜流通成本的比重较大.基于研究结论,从减少蔬菜流通环节、创新蔬菜流通模式、提高农民组织化程度和生产资料利用率、积极推广城郊蔬菜种植、缓解蔬菜供求区域性矛盾等方面提出了降低蔬菜流通费用的对策建议.