不同植物生长促进剂对香蕉假植大苗培育的调控作用

采用盆栽试验,在香蕉假植大苗培育过程中分别喷施浓度均为20 mg/L的赤霉素、复硝酚钠、胺鲜酯、α-萘乙酸钠等植物生长促进剂,以喷施清水为对照,通过不同处理假植大苗生长、物质累积及生理指标的分析,明确不同植物生长促进剂在香蕉假植大苗调控的作用。结果表明,本试验采用的4种植物生长促进剂对香蕉假植大苗培育的调控作用不同。与对照相比,叶面分别喷施20mg/L赤霉素、复硝酚钠均能有利于香蕉假植大苗假茎高及叶面积增加,提高叶绿素含量及叶绿素a、b含量,且以上两种植物生长促进剂平均提高叶绿素含量26.46%;喷施20mg/Lα-萘乙酸钠能提高假植苗假茎粗,提高干物质累积量16.11%积及吸氮量9.95%,促进氮磷钾养分吸收。叶面喷施赤霉素、复硝酚钠、α-萘乙酸钠和胺鲜酯均能显著提高香蕉假植大苗抗性,平均降低丙二醛含量14.64%、提高脯氨酸含量64.36%和SOD含量16.74%,且赤霉素还能显著提高POD含量82.13%。     

ROUTE DEVELOPMENT,ANTIVIRAL STUDIES,FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT NK0238

• Developed a two-step synthetic route to anti-plant-virus candidate NK0238. • NK0238 exhibited a broad antivirus spectrum in greenhouse. • NK0238 showed comparable antivirus activities as controls in field trials. • NK0238 was safe to birds, fish, bees and silkworms. • NK0238 has a very good prospect in commercial development. It has previously been shown that tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of Peganum harmala alkaloids, and its derivatives have anti-TMV activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further exploration of this led to the identification of NK0238 as a highly effective agent for the prevention and control of diseases caused by plant viruses, but the existing routes are unsuitable for its large-scale synthesis. This study optimized a route for two-step synthesis of this virucide candidate via reaction of l-tryptophan with triphosgene to produce l-tryptophan-N-carboxylic anhydride, which then reacts with n-octylamine to give NK0238 at up to 94% yield and nearly 97% HPLC purity. In addition, the route was used for the preparation of NK0238 on a>40 g scale permitting further assessment of its antivirus activity in the greenhouse and field experiments, and toxicity tests. NK0238 exhibited useful antiviral activities against a variety of viruses both in greenhouse and field experiments. The toxicity tests showed that NK0238 was not acutely toxic to birds, fish, honey bees and silkworms. The optimized route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies, its excellent activity and safety make NK0238 a promising drug candidate for further development.     

利用观赏植物物候预测草坪杂草发生

杂草影响草坪美观,还会使草坪丧失功能,防治杂草的关键是要掌握杂草的发生时间,但由于草坪杂草植株矮小,生育期短导致其不易辨认及观察。本研究以探究常见观赏植物物候与杂草爆发之间的对应关系为前提,自2012年11月至2014年4月间,采用样线样方结合的方法调查了广州地区草坪杂草发生情况,以及常见观赏植物的物候特点。结果显示:样地中,杂草群落具有类似的分布模式,以多年生杂草为主,一年生杂草次之,二年生杂草最少;与草坪草具有相似生活型或具有类似的生物学特性的杂草,容易在环境选择过程中被保留下来,成为主要杂草;夏季是杂草爆发的高峰时期。木棉(Bombax malabaricum)初花期可以预测白花蛇舌草的(Hedyotis diffusa)爆发;猫尾木(Dolichandrone cauda-felina)初花期可以预测红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)、黄花酢浆草(Oxalis pes-caprae)、黄鹌菜(Youngia japonica)爆发;杜英(Elaeocarpus decipiens)盛花期、葱兰(Pouzolzia zeylanica)盛花期可以预测雾水葛(Pouzolzia zeylanica)的2个爆发期等。     

宁夏典型草原不同退耕年限草地植物-土壤生态化学计量特征

为了研究宁夏典型草原不同退耕年限草地优势植物及土壤 C、N、P化学计量特征,本研究以宁夏南部典型草原区退耕草地为对象,分别对退耕0、1、3、5、6、8、11、15、20年草地优势植物及土壤碳、氮、磷等生态化学计量特征进行研究。结果表明,各植物全氮含量均表现为地上部分大于地下部分,且猪毛蒿整体全氮含量较其他植物高。全磷含量除赖草外也表现为地上部分大于地下部分。退耕1年狗尾草和退耕3年赖草有机碳含量表现为地下部分大于地上部分,其余各退耕年限地上部分大于地下部分。优势植物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P整体表现为退耕20年长芒草最大。赖草和猪毛蒿最小。退耕6年以上20年以内土壤有机碳含量由表层向深层逐层递减;全氮含量退耕0~6年呈波动式变化,退耕8年后全氮含量由表层向深层逐层递减;全磷含量变化趋势与全氮相同。研究区土壤C∶N变化范围为7.08~19.62,C∶P变化范围为6.60~35.25,N∶P变化范围为0.82~2.17。各层土壤C∶N平均值变化范围为11.18~15.03,C∶P平均值变化范围为14.09~24.55,N∶P平均值变化范围为1.06~1.98;除C∶N接近我国土壤C∶N均值外,研究区土壤C∶P和N∶P均低于我国土壤C∶P和N∶P均值。并且相应地表优势植物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P明显高于表层土壤。本研究中土壤C∶N与土壤有机碳之间相关性不显著,与全N呈负相关,意味着C∶N主要受N控制,而C∶P与有机碳呈显著正相关,与全P相关性不显著。土壤N∶P与土壤全N含量呈显著正相关,与土壤全P含量相关性不显著,说明主要受N控制,而土壤全N含量随退耕年限的增加呈波动式上升趋势。植物与土壤碳、氮、磷相关性显示:植物全N与土壤N之间相关性不显著(P>0.05),植物全P与土壤全N、全P呈极显著的相关关系(P<0.01),与土壤有机碳和N∶P呈显著的相关关系(P<0.05)。     

多年生香豌豆在黄土高原地区引种适宜性评价

多年生香豌豆从美国引种后在黄土高原大部分地区的适应性较强。结合气候相似法、模糊综合评判法以及引种栽培试验,得出多年生香豌豆的适生中心区位于气温适中的黄土高原中部呈西南～东北走向的一个狭长地带,主要包括黄土高原沟壑区、丘陵沟壑区二副区、三副区以及太行山西部山地类型。     

驼绒藜属牧草种苗耐盐性评价及生理基础研究

对7份驼绒藜属材料种子萌发及幼苗进行耐盐性研究。结果表明,种苗具有较高的耐盐性,在种间及种内生态型间存在差异,其中华北驼绒藜耐盐性最强,其次为华北驼绒藜科尔沁生态型,驼绒藜荒漠生态型和心叶驼绒藜耐盐性最弱。种苗的耐盐能力和种子的活力呈正相关,在恶劣生境条件下形成的种子活力较低,种苗的耐盐力也较低;种苗耐盐半致死浓度与种子活力3项指标呈显著或极显著正相关(r=0.82^*、0.93^**、0.90^**)。而盐性生理基础的研究结果表明,种子耐盐性的指标与种子含氮量呈极显著正相关(r=0.88^**、0.90^**),与种子含磷量呈正相关(r=0.77、0.68),与含糖量相关性较小(r=-0.33～0.55)。初步认为种子耐盐半致死浓度、种子活力指数和含氮量可以作为种子耐盐性评价和选育的生理指标。     

利用近红外光谱技术快速分析全株玉米青贮营养成分

研究旨在利用近红外光谱技术(near infrared reflectance spectroscopy,NIRS)建立全株玉米青贮6种营养成分的近红外预测模型,为生产实践中合理利用全株玉米青贮饲料资源提供理论依据.选取玉米青贮样品64份作为定标集,16份作为验证集.利用NIRS结合改良偏最小二乘法(modified ...     

杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的产量和品质特性

于2006～2009年在北京地区进行田间试验,研究杂交狼尾草作为草本能源植物的适应性、生物质产量和品质特性。结果表明:在北京地区杂交狼尾草不能越冬,其干物质产量可达40.14～48.54t/hm2,热值为17.02MJ/kg,纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量分别为36.15%、21.01%和8.92%,碳、氢、氮元素含量分别为41.86%、5.62%和1.52%,C/N为27.54∶1,灰分含量为9.26%,灰熔点的变形温度、软化温度、半球温度和流动温度分别为942.0℃、980.8℃、1010.3℃和1054.8℃。杂交狼尾草适宜作为草本能源植物在北京及周边地区推广应用,但存在不能越冬和生物质含水量下降速率慢的缺点。     

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.