苯甲酸与赤霉素对中国水仙切花保鲜效果的影响

本研究以中国水仙‘金盏银台’切花为材料,在基础瓶插液（1%蔗糖）中分别添加不同浓度苯甲酸与赤霉素,通过观测切花的瓶插寿命筛选适宜的保鲜剂配方;同时测定了这一过程中切花的鲜重变化,丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）、游离脯氨酸（proline, PRO）和可溶性蛋白质的含量,超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）和过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）活性,分析保鲜剂发挥作用的生理生化基础。结果表明,1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L苯甲酸的复合瓶插液可延长中国水仙切花瓶插寿命1.6 d;瓶插期间MDA含量呈上升趋势;瓶插过程中SOD和CAT活性、可溶性蛋白含量等高于同期对照组。1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L赤霉素可延长切花瓶插寿命2.5 d;瓶插过程中SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量等高于同期对照组;但PRO含量在第15天较对照下降了40%。综合来看,1%蔗糖溶液添加200 mg/L赤霉素对中国水仙切花的保鲜效果最好。     

陕西兰考泡桐木材基本密度株内变异的研究

通过对兰考泡桐木材基本密度水平变异和垂直变异的研究表明,其基本密度的变异由里向外呈抛物线型变化,属ＰａｎｓｈｉｎⅢ;垂直变异从下向上不断增大;距髓心恒定年轮同一植株不同年龄和不同植株同一年龄垂直变异与树干截面平均密度变化相同。     

论阔叶树材的生长轮类型和导管排列

生长轮类型分为环孔材、散孔材和半环孔材（或半散孔材）。１９６１年以来国内的《木材学》教科书及某些书刊上出现了辐射孔材、花样孔材、切线孔材及交叉孔材,这是由于导管的大小和管孔排列两者作为分类依据造成的。木材解剖学中这种特征的混乱需要展开讨论,统一认识,以利于木材解剖学的发展。     

Contribution of active defense responses in the limitation of fungal spread in the sapwood of living sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) tree

The participation of active defense responses in the limitation of fungal spread in the sapwood of living sugi tree was determined. Isolates ofGuignardia cryptomeriae were inoculated to living trees, fresh logs, frozen and thawed logs and autoclaved logs, and the spread of wood discoloration and fungal hyphae was assessed. In autoclaved logs and freeze-treated logs, wood discoloration and reaction zone formation were not observed, and fungal hyphae of both of virulent and avirulent isolates grew rapidly in the wood. In fresh logs, wood discoloration and the formation of a pale reaction zone and transition zone were observed. Virulent isolates spread rapidly, but the spread of avirulent isolates was inhibited. In living trees, wood discoloration was observed and reaction zones were formed at lesion margins. These results indicated that constitutive defense mechanisms had no effect on the spread of both of virulent and avirulent isolates, and that active defense responses were important in the limitation of spread of fungal hyphae, hence in the limitation of wood discoloration. Further, it appeared that avirulent, but not virulent, races ofG. cryptomeriae were easily inhibited even by weak host responses. This study was presented at 105th and 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society.     

三种阔叶树枝桠材应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的研究

通过对３ 种阔叶树 （米槠、木荷、拟赤杨） 枝桠材的应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的观察和试验,并与正常干材比较, 结果表明： 它们在纤维、导管的长度、宽度、纤维次生壁 Ｓ２ 层纤丝角、化学成分、纤维素相对结晶度、密度、吸水性、涨缩性以及顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度及其弹性模量等都存在显著差异。     

木兰科华木莲属木材结构

首次报道我国特有单种属植物华木莲ＳｉｎｏｍａｎｇｌｉｅｔｉａｇｌａｕｃａＺ．Ｘ．ＹｕｅｔＱ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｅｎｇ木材的主要解剖特征：散孔材;管孔通常４８～１６８个／ｍｍ２;管孔单独或由２～３个稀６个成径列复管孔,间或出现管孔团;管孔略具棱角;主要为单管孔稀为梯状穿孔,具２～１３个横闩,通常３～８个。管间纹孔式梯状或梯状－对列;螺纹加厚缺如。导管分子长５４７～９７３μｍ,通常长７７５μｍ。木射线异形ⅡＡ及ⅡＢ型,少数Ⅰ型,具１～２有时３～４列细胞;单列射线高３～１１（偶至１８）个细胞,９９～３３７ｃｍ;多列射线宽２～３（～４）个细胞或３３．００～４０．３３μｍ,高４～５９（通常２１～４０）个细胞或１０９～１５５０（通常５４７～１０３４）μｍ;无油细胞;纤维管胞长８８６～１７６３μｍ,通常长１３０５μｍ;木薄壁组织轮界状,通常宽２～４有时可达５个细胞。本研究支持华木莲属的建立。     

Induction of resistance against pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus using selected pine endophytic bacteria

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is the most destructive disease threatening pine worldwide. The disease is mainly caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is vectored by pine sawyer longhorn-beetles, Monochamus spp. This study aimed to select resistance-inducing pine endophytic bacteria for management of PWD. To set up a defence-related genes expression pattern for screening, four chemical inducers (salicylic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), β-aminobutyric acid and α-aminobutyric acid) were tested in vitro on pine calli and in vivo on pine seedlings. Treatment with GABA had the greatest reduction in PWD severity on pine seedlings. The pattern of defence-related gene expression in calli treated with GABA was used to select potential resistance-inducing bacterial strains. In addition, 92 bacterial strains were isolated from pine tree needles and stems and were tested for expression of defence-related genes in pine calli in vitro. Among the tested strains, 13 showed a similar pattern to GABA treatment in at least four tested defence-related genes and were selected for the seedling assay. From the seedling assay, three bacterial strains (16YSM-E48, 16YSM-P180 and 16YSM-P39) showed significant reduction in PWD severity compared to the untreated control. Moreover, among the selected strains, cell-free culture supernatant of strain 16YSM-P180 significantly reduced PWD severity in inoculated pine seedlings. The selected strains were identified based on the 16S rRNA sequence as Pseudomonas putida 16YSM-E48, Curtobacterium pusillum 16YSM-P180 and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 16YSM-P39. These selected strains are suggested as potential alternatives for management of PWD by induction of systemic resistance.     

观光木人工林木材热处理材色变化研究

为探究观光木木材在高温处理下木材材色变化,对0.4 mm、0.6 mm、1.6 mm厚观光木薄木及观光木板材进行热处理,用色差计测定处理前后木材的明度指数(L*)、红绿指数(a*)、黄蓝指数(b*),计算出色饱和度差(ΔC*)、色相差(ΔH*)和总体色差(ΔE*)。结果表明,观光木薄木经干燥处理颜色变化不大,可通过干燥处理烘干观光木薄木的同时保证薄木的颜色特性;观光木板材经高温压缩密实化后材色变化明显,170℃热处理45 min时色饱和度差(ΔC*)为3.02,总体色差(ΔE*)为5.47,总色相差(ΔH*)为7.71,经济价值最高。     

节子的性质及其对木材材性的影响

树节是指树干内部的枝条基部或枯死枝条形成的结疤,在用材中称为节子。在树木生长过程中节子独特的理化性能对树木的生长有良好的作用。但是在木材加工利用过程中节子的存在严重影响木材性能和加工利用。本研究对节子的构造、物理力学性质、化学性质和检测方法等5个方面研究现状进行了总结。节子的存在对于树木的生长过程中枝条与树干之间最佳连接方式,无论在应力作用还是外部细菌等因素的影响下,节子在树木生长过程中所体现的物理性能和化学性能都有着良好的作用。但是在木材的利用中,节子对于木材力学性能和加工性能的影响巨大,不仅对于刀具损伤较大,在一定程度上降低木材的抗拉、抗压、抗弯性能,同时对于木结构连接部位的力学性能也有一定影响。目前国内外对于板材节子检测的研究较充分,但是对于原木的节子检测研究较少。在有节材力学性能预测方向,得到了较为精准的预测模型。并且通过节子特征、林木密度、树龄、树干特征等对节子进行预测,帮助在树木生长过程中对木材进行改良。现阶段对节子的研究主要集中在力学性能和检测等方向,对于节子部位的超微观构造和构造智能性利用等方面相对薄弱,对于节子如何影响木材力学性能的机理并未深入。