木材及木基材料吸湿尺寸稳定性检测方法研究

为实现木材及木基材料吸湿尺寸稳定性横向比较,规范其检测方法,依据现有相关检测标准,借鉴日本工业木材吸湿尺寸稳定性检测方法,结合木质材料特性以及我国的具体情况,提出一种木材及木基材料吸湿尺寸稳定性的检测方法,即以温度20℃、相对湿度65%条件下的材料尺寸为基准,测定在温度40℃、相对湿度为75%和90%的两种吸湿环境条件下的材料尺寸变化。通过该方法对柚木、印茄木、朴木3种不同尺寸的木材和对多层材料、高密度纤维板、普通刨花板3种木基材料的吸湿尺寸稳定性进行测定,以评价该方法的适用性和可行性。结果表明:木材与木基材料试样不超过12 d即可达到吸湿平衡,不同材料尺寸变化率、湿胀系数的大小关系也与实际情况一致。因此木材与木基材料试样均适于用该方法。     

实木家具的拆装式结构实现路径探究

遵循结构合理、体积缩小、组装方便、外形美观的设计原则,从拆装式节点实现形式、整体结构拆装方式二个维度系统阐述了实木家具拆装结构实现路径,并对榫自锁可拆式、连接件可拆式两种实木家具拆装式节点形式及椅类、桌台类、柜类、床类家具的整体结构可拆装方式进行了详细介绍,以期为实木家具的结构优化及平板化包装提供思路。     

板木家具实木化设计方法研究

概述了板木家具实木化结构分类;介绍了板木家具通过材料以及结构形态设计表现实木质感的形式,从结构形态和材料两个维度,以及零部件实木化和结构组合实木化两个层面,探讨了提升板木家具实木质感的设计方法。阐述了该设计方法在板木桌类、椅类、床类、柜类家具设计中的具体应用。该设计方法可以减少优质木材资源的利用,有效增强板木家具的实木质感。     

轻型木结构锯材用原木标准的制订

通过对我国原木生产实际状况的调研及参考国内外相关标准和技术资料,阐述了木材缺陷对规格材力学性能的影响,并据此对轻型木结构锯材用原木缺陷的技术指标进行了规定,同时介绍了该标准的制定方法。     

柚木石油醚抽提物成分及其对心边材颜色的影响

为探究国产柚木抽提物对心材和边材颜色差异的影响,采用3种沸程的石油醚溶液分别对国产柚木的心材与边材进行抽提处理,利用气相色谱-质谱法分析抽提液的成分和含量,并以差异较大的抽提物溶液处理柚木边材,通过色度学参数表征柚木边材的变色情况,从而验证影响柚木心材和边材颜色的主要抽提物成分。结果表明:在3种沸程的石油醚抽提液中,柚木心材抽提物在成分种类数量和含量上均显著高于边材;不同沸程的石油醚对柚木心、边材中抽提物成分有一定的影响,其中30~60℃(低沸程)和60~90℃(中沸程)石油醚抽提物成分和含量的差异较小,而90~120℃(高沸程)石油醚抽提物的含量较高,约为中、低沸程抽提物含量的2倍;柚木心材抽提液中酚类、醌类、烯烃类物质的含量较多,但这些物质在边材中含量极低;4-叔丁基-2-苯基苯酚、2-甲基蒽醌(柚木醌)、全反式三十碳六烯(角鲨烯)是柚木心、边材抽提物含量差异最明显的物质。经角鲨烯溶液处理后的柚木边材表面颜色变黄,更接近心材颜色,因此,角鲨烯是导致柚木心边材颜色差异的重要抽提物成分。     

中国传统木结构在继承和创新发展中的问题分析

回顾总结我国传统木结构建筑的发展历史,并对我国传统木结构建筑及其文化的传承、推广进行深入分析;针对传统木结构发展瓶颈,提出我国传承和发展传统木结构的主要课题,指出现代科技在传统木结构发展中的重要作用,并从科研投入、人才培养、产学研合作及产业化等方面,对我国传统木结构的发展提出建议。     

Boron toxicity of strawberry

Abstract

Radlands Crimson strawberries were grown in a glasshouse with 7 rates of applied boron. Wood shavings mulches with different boron concentrations were also applied as separate treatments. Boron toxicity symptoms were produced in leaves by boron rates of 0.32 kg ha^‐1 and greater on a soil containing 1.6 ug B g^‐1 of hot water extractable boron. Concentrations greater than 123 μg B g^‐1 in old leaves were associated with boron toxicity symptoms.

In the B rate experiment, soil boron concentrations greater than 1.9 μg B g^‐1 soil were associated with leaf toxicity symptoms which increased in severity with increasing soil boron concentrations up to 4.1 μg B g^‐1 soil. Wood shavings mulch containing 17 μg B g^‐1 caused boron toxicity symptoms in older leaves whereas mulches containing less than 6 μg B g^‐1 did not produce toxicity symptoms.     

木/竹基复合材料在机电产品包装的应用

我国机电产品的包装大量使用实木材料,面临着资源紧张和成本高昂等问题。通过分析机电产品包装材料的结构形式和承载要求,讨论重组木/竹复合材料在包装行业应用的可行性,从政策、成本和性能等方面,总结新型重组木/竹复合材料替代实木材料用于机电产品包装的优势及发展前景。     

Basic handling characteristics of wood fuels: Angle of repose,friction against surfaces and tendency to bridge for different assortments

Basic handling characteristics were measured for sawdust, fuel pellets, fuel chips, hog fuel and chunkwood. The aim was to find relations between the basic handling characteristics and easily measurable fuel properties to facilitate the design of feeding systems in heating plants. The angle of repose was 25–55° and increased with the increasing ratio of particle length to thickness and with the increasing content of hooked or long particles. The angle of static friction, 10–40°, was affected more by the kind of surface than the fuel and followed the ascending order: coated plywood, urethane rubber, particle board, stainless steel, concrete and rubber belt conveyor. The tendency to bridge varied considerably and increased with greater content of hooked or long particles, a deeper fuel bed depth over the opening and a higher moisture content. The results indicate that more attention should be paid to the particle shape.     

浅析影响难胶材胶合的主要因素

文章介绍了难胶合材的主要特征。论述了影响难胶合材胶合的几个主要因素,诸如解剖结构特征、抽提物、PH值、密度和表面机械加工特征。