Forest management and carbon sequestration in wood products

Wood products are considered to contribute to the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions. A critical gap in the life cycle of wood products is to transfer the raw timber from the forest to the processing wood industry and, thus, the primary wood products. Therefore, often rough estimates are used for this step to obtain total forestry carbon balances. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the fate of timber harvested in Thuringian state forests (central Germany), representing a large, intensively managed forested region, and (2) to quantify carbon stocks and the lifetime of primary wood products made from this timber. The analyses were based on the amount and assortments of actually sold timber, and production parameters of the companies that bought and processed this timber. In addition, for coniferous stands of a selected Thuringian forest district, we calculated potential effects of management, as expressed by different thinning regimes on wood products and their lifetimes. Total annual timber sale of soft- and hardwoods from Thuringian state forests (195,000 ha) increased from about 136,893 t C (~0.7 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) in 1996 to 280,194 t C (~1.4 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) in 2005. About 47% of annual total timber harvest went into short-lived wood products with a mean residence time (MRT) < 25 years. Thirty-one per cent of the total harvest went into wood products with an MRT of 25–43 years, and only 22% was used as construction wood and glued wood, products with the longest MRT (50 years). The average MRT of carbon in harvested wood products was 20 years. Thinning from above throughout the rotation of spruce forests would lead to an average MRT in harvested wood products of about 23 years, thinning from below of about 18 years. A comparison of our calculations with estimates that resulted from the products module of the CO2FIX model (Nabuurs et al. 2001) demonstrates the influence of regional differences in forest management and wood processing industry on the lifetime of harvested wood products. To our knowledge, the present study provides for the first time real carbon inputs of a defined forest management unit to the wood product sector by linking data on raw timber production, timber sales and wood processing. With this new approach and using this data, it should be possible to substantially improve the net-carbon balance of the entire forestry sector.     

落叶松与水曲柳混交林的营造

通过对落叶松与水曲柳生物生态学特性 ,以及选择混交树种的条件和依据的论述 ,说明了营造落叶松与水曲柳混交林的可行性     

红松幼龄材与成熟材力学性质的差异

本文研究了人工林和天然林红松幼龄材与成熟材力学性质的差异.结果显示,成熟材的所有力学性质均高于幼龄材.幼龄材与成熟材的抗弯弹性模量差异在人工林红松中达0.01水平显著,天然林红松也达到0.01水平显著;人工林红松抗弯强度和弦向横纹抗压强度差异达0.05水平显著.抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度、横切面硬度和弦向横纹抗压强度4项指标的差异达0.05水平显著.     

石膏-微米厚度刨花腕部骨伤固定夹板的制造工艺

骨伤科固定材料研究的一直是骨伤科中最基本和最活跃的领域。从最初的手制夹板到石膏绷带、热塑夹板、高分子绷带等材料的发明与应用,都在骨伤科固定性能上有了长足的进步,给骨伤科的救治带来了更加有效的手段和方法。本研究开发一种新型医用材料石膏-微米厚度刨花腕部骨伤固定夹板。石膏-微米厚度刨花腕部     

桉树木材加工利用研究现状

本文对桉树木材的性质、桉木在采伐和加工过程中易出现的问题、实木加工技术与利用及其木材产品市场进行了阐述,以期为我国提高桉树木材价值提供参考。     

Coarse woody debris in late-successional Picea abies forests in northern Europe: Variability in quantities and models of decay class dynamics

Coarse woody debris pools and their decay class dynamics were studied in three areas of unmanaged boreal forest in northern Finland, and in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk provinces in northwestern Russia. The study areas had varying climatic and edaphic conditions, and disturbance histories. Living and dead trees (diameter at 1.3 m height ≥10 cm) were measured in five late-successional Picea abies-dominated stands in each of the three areas. Wood density and time since death were determined from randomly sampled dead P. abies, and their decay class dynamics were modeled using stage-based matrix models.     

Drivers of bryophyte diversity allow implications for forest management with a focus on climate change

Understanding the major drivers of diversity in forests is crucial for ecologists, conservationists, and particularly forest managers. In most forested habitats, bryophytes are diverse and important primary producers. Here we report the first study of the relative importance of regional macroclimate as compared to local variables on abundance, species richness, and community composition of bryophytes growing in soil and in dead wood in a mountain temperate forest. Using PCA axes, we built predictor sets for macroclimate, microclimate, soil attributes, and dead wood availability. The explanatory power of each set was tested using variance partitioning. Abundance and species richness of soil bryophytes was best explained by microclimate, whereas the community composition did not distinctively differ between the environmental sets. In contrast, dead wood bryophyte abundance, species richness, and community composition was clearly driven by macroclimate. Among the single axes, the component represented best by soil moisture was the main driver for soil bryophyte abundance. In contrast, dead wood bryophyte abundance was mostly affected by components correlated with minimum global radiation and minimum temperatures as well as by the component represented by dead wood. The component represented by canopy openness was superior in explaining the community composition of both soil and dead wood bryophytes. We conclude that (1) dead wood amounts should be increased in closed stands to act as a buffer during climate changes, and (2) open canopy, which provides important habitats for soil-inhabiting bryophytes, should be provided by management with slow reforestation after natural or logging openings.     

桉材热处理及其渗透性能的改善

本文以高温软化和瞬时降压之方法对三种桉材（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ）进行了汽蒸热处理试验。结果表明：除赤桉（Ｅ·Ｃａｍａｌｄｕｌｅｎｓｉｓ）外，热处理后的桉材导管壁上纹孔膜出现了不同程度的破裂，甚至脱落为空洞。其渗透性能得到了较明显的改善。其中以１４０℃、５ｈ的热处理效果为佳。     

城市木材工业走在可持续发展道路中

城市木材工业是城市林业的组成部分。在发展城市林业的木材工业生产时,要遵守森林资源的综合利用与环境保护相协调,要特森林资源节约放在首位。因此,在发展城市木材工业生产过程中,推行减量化、回收利用、再循环、重组合、代用品、重现性、重整修、再生产等一系列措施,使城市木材工业稳步地可持续发展。     

落叶松木材的高强度微波辐照法改性

The larch wood was treated by microwave irradiation under different radiant intensity and treating duration. The microwave-treated wood specimens together with the un-treated for comparison were impregnated by water in pressure vessel and then tested for permeability, mechanical properties and microstructure change by SEM to study the modification performance of microwave treatment on larch wood. The results showed that under suitable conditions of microwave treatment the permeability of larch wood was improved without noticeable decreasing of the modulus of rupture （MOR） and the modulus of elasticity （MOE）. The radial parenchyma and some pit membrane were ruptured, and tiny cracks were formed in the cell walls. The formation of tiny cracks in the cell walls serves as man-made channels of gas and liquid and this contribute to improve the permeability of the wood.