Characterization of the first two viruses described from wild populations of hammer orchids (Drakaea spp.) in Australia

Sequences representing the genomes of two distinct virus isolates infecting wild plants of two members of the genus Drakaea (hammer orchids) in Western Australia are described. The virus isolated from Drakaea livida has a bipartite genome of 4490 nt (RNA1) and 2905 nt (RNA2) that shares closest sequence and structural similarity to members of the genus Pecluvirus, family Virgaviridae, described from legumes in the Indian subcontinent and West Africa. However, it differs from pecluviruses by lacking a P39 protein on RNA2 and having a cysteine‐rich protein gene located 3′ of the triple gene block protein genes. It is the first peclu‐like virus to be described from Australia. The name Drakaea virus A is proposed (DVA; proposed member of the family Virgaviridae, genus unassigned). The second virus isolate was identified from Drakaea elastica, a species classed as endangered under conservation legislation. The genome sequence of this virus shares closest identity with isolates of Donkey orchid symptomless virus (DOSV; proposed member of the order Tymovirales, family and genus unassigned), a species described previously from wild Caladenia and Diuris orchids in the same region. These viruses are the first to be isolated from wild Drakaea populations and are proposed to have an ancient association with their orchid hosts.     

基于26个微卫星标记的三江水系草鱼遗传多样性分析

选取26个微卫星标记对来自长江(监利、邗江)、黑龙江、珠江3个水系的4个野生草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)群体的遗传多样性进行了检测。结果表明,26个微卫星位点均为高度多态位点,草鱼4个地理群体的多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.581 3~0.638 6;共检测出141个等位基因,其中有102个为共有等位基因;每个位点有等位基因2~11个,平均等位基因5.46,平均有效等位基因3.455 6。4个地理群体野生草鱼的平均杂合度在0.711 4~0.804 5之间。群体间遗传固定指数(FST)及AMOVA分析表明,群体间遗传分化并不显著(FST=0.031 73)。基于DA遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树表明,监利群体与邗江群体这两个长江水系野生地理群体聚为一支,然后与珠江群体聚为一支,黑龙江群体单独聚为一支。长江群体是原始群体。综上所述,三江水系野生草鱼具有较高的遗传多样性,4个群体之间遗传分化并不明显。     

大型真菌重金属富集能力与机制研究进展

部分大型真菌有媲美甚至超过超累积植物的重金属富集能力,如蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)对Zn富集浓度可达20 000mg·kg-1以上,因而在污染环境的生态修复方面有着重要的应用前景。本文综述了近年报道的部分大型真菌的重金属富集能力,分析了不同生长时期、生长部位对重金属的富集特性,并对不同品种做了对比分析。大型真菌对自身重金属富集能力的调控有多种机制,包括胞外聚合物沉淀、细胞壁吸附和细胞内吸收,进入细胞的重金属可通过螯合、转运或引起氧化胁迫应激等途径来降低对细胞的毒害。基于大型真菌重金属富集能力强的优势,本文提出了拓展应用的方向及对目前存在问题的若干对策,从而为国内这一方向的发展提供参考。     

The Characterization of Heavy Metals in the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cultivar Rkatsiteli and Wild Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) from East Serbia by ICP-OES and BAFs

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, in combination with calculation of various biological factors, was used in this study not only for a simple illustration of the present status of some essential and non-essential metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the grapevine cultivar Rkatsiteli and wild blackberry from East Serbia but also for the estimation of plant bioaccumulation potentials. Great majority of detected metal concentrations were in normal ranges except in few cases: Zn concentrations were at the level of deficiency in almost all plant parts, and some Cu and As concentrations were at the levels that could be considered phytotoxic. Biological accumulation factors provided very informative data on metal accumulation and translocation in both plants and pointed to low accumulation rates of metals except in the case of Cu, Zn, and As in some wild blackberry tissues.     

中国野生毛葡萄芪合酶基因表达及对葡萄抗白粉病的影响

[目的]克隆中国野生毛葡萄(Vitis quinquangularis)'丹凤-2'芪合酶(stilbene synthase)基因(STS)并研究其功能,为提高欧洲葡萄(V.vinifera)的白粉病抗性及品质提供依据.[方法]利用同源克隆法获得中国野生毛葡萄'丹凤-2'芪合酶基因VqSTS9和VqSTS21,构建植...     

不同硬化地面类型对城市悬铃木物质循环的影响

研究了城市不同硬化地面类型（水泥地面、水泥砖面和踏实土地面）对悬铃木物质循环、水分循环及营养元素（Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ）循环的影响。结果表明：自然降水在城市水泥地面,水泥砖面或坚实的地表上很容易形成较大的地表径流,其中以水泥地面最甚,达４８％;各类型地面对雨水的渗透能力有明显差异,对照（花坛土）最强,为８７６％,踏实土（７２８％）次之,水泥砖面较差（３３％）,水泥地面渗透量接近于零。城市土壤营养元素除Ｋ外,Ｎ,Ｐ含量以踏实土最高,分别为００７７７和００８６６,其次为水泥砖面（００６９９和００５８７）及水泥地面（００５６２和００６３１）;生产力排序为：踏实土＞水泥砖面＞水泥地面。树木对土壤养分的吸收量也呈现相似的趋势,表现为：吸收量越大,理论归还量越大,但由于实际归还量较小,则土壤亏损就较多。     

Genetic Diversity of Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff. ) Detected by SSLP Markers

The genetic diversity of Dongxiang wild rice populations was evaluated by using 14 SSR primerpairs. Twelve of the primer pairs amplified polymorphic bands. A total of 70 polymorphic DNA bands weregenerated with average 5. 83 polymorphic bands per primer pair, indicating that the genetic diversity ofDongxiang wild rice was high. Cluster analysis showed that there were highly variant individuals within andamong populations, while others were highly similar to each other. The within-population genetic distanceswere 0.23 - 0.47, being smaller than 0.40 - 0.55 of among-population. Strict management must be taken forthe preservation of Dongxiang wild rice.