池塘养殖的中华绒螯蟹与长江野生中华绒螯蟹生物学特性比较

通过分析池塘养殖与长江野生中华绒螯蟹的生物学指数、可食部分比例、营养成分组成,以比较两者的品质.结果表明:与长江野生中华绒螯蟹相比,池塘养殖的中华绒螯蟹的肌肉指数、肝脏指数、可食部分总和无显著变化(P＞0.05);雌性的性腺指数、性肝指数高于野生中华绒螯蟹,差异显著(P＜0.05),但雄性群体差异不显著(P＞0.05);雄性的粗蛋白质含量显著高于野生的雄性中华绒螯蟹(P＜0.05),但雌性群体差异不显著(P＞0.05);粗脂肪含量、无氮浸出物高于野生中华绒螯蟹,但雌雄群体之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);氨基酸总量高于野生中华绒螯蟹,差异达显著水平(P＜0.05);鲜味氨基酸总含量显著大于野生中华绒螯蟹(P＜0.05);饱和脂肪酸含量、单烯酸含量与野生中华绒螯蟹差异不显著(P＞0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸含量低于野生中华绒螯蟹,其中雌性群体之间差异显著(P＜0.05),雄性群体之间差异不显著(P0.05).     

崑嵛山野生黄伞蛋白质营养价值评价

黄伞[Pholiota adiposa (Fr.) Quél.],又名多脂鳞伞,柳蘑,是一种北方特有的野生珍稀食用菌.该菇味道鲜美,风味独特,富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素及多种矿物质元素,尤其是菌盖表面有一种特殊的黏液.生化分析结果证明这种物质是一种核酸,对人体精力、脑力的恢复有效果[1].另外,黄伞多糖对小白鼠肉瘤180和艾氏腹水癌的抑制率达80%～90%,还可预防葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌和结核杆菌感染[2].     

异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究

2010年4～6月,对野生异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o' connori)人工规模化繁殖技术进行研究,并初步进行产后亲鱼恢复培养技术研究.对108尾雌鱼进行干法人工授精,共采卵104万多粒,孵出仔鱼62万多尾.其中45尾雌亲鱼自然成熟,共采卵46.8万多粒,平均受精率和孵化率低于人工催产雌鱼卵.人工催产83...     

Seasonal Changes in Rigor Development and Flesh Texture of Wild Japanese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax japonicus)

The season for finding the firmest sashimi made from wild Japanese sea bass was investigated. Flesh rigor tension and contraction were measured by a “new” device with isometric (muscle length kept constant) and isotonic (balance beam moves freely) transducers. Both flesh rigor tension and contraction peaks appeared at the same postmortem times, with attainment of ultimate pH and adenosine triphosphate/inosine monophosphate ratio in four seasons. Seasonal seawater temperature correlated negatively to seasonal maximum rigor contraction and positively to seasonal flesh breaking strength at 72 h postmortem. After rigor peak tension attainment, the tension relaxation was much lower than that of other wild fish species, especially in summer. The sea bass muscle resisted structure disruption in rigor isometric tension generation. Wild sea bass sashimi was firmest in breaking strength in summer.     

RAPD分析野生和养殖三角帆蚌的遗传多样性

用150个随机引物对野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析，最终筛选出2．0个引物，分别能扩增出1-10条大小不等的片段，片段长度在500—2000bp之间。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角粤蚌的种内相似系数分别为0．787和0．833，显示野生种群基因组发生的变异较养殖种群大。野生三角帆蚌和养殖三角帆蚌种群间遗传距离为0．054，表明三角帆蚌野生和养殖种群亲缘关系比较接近。     

利用卡那霉素筛选野罂粟转基因植株的技术研究

待供试转基因和非转基因野罂粟植株长至5～7片叶时,用微型喷雾器将不同浓度的卡那霉素溶液均匀喷施于叶片上,结果显示浓度为6.5g/L的处理表现效果最好。对于大田筛选转基因野罂粟,在苗期对叶片喷施6.5g/L卡那霉素溶液喷雾,并对产生黄斑的野罂粟植株进行剔除后,拔节期用7.5g/L卡那霉素溶液连续5d涂抹后,对产生黄斑的植株进行再次剔除,最终得到30株未见黄斑的野罂粟植株,经PCR进行检测后,最终得到8株野罂粟转基因植株。     

新疆两种野生葱浸提液对几种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

新疆野生葱属植物资源十分丰富,本文就其中两个具有浓烈辛辣气味的种－长喙葱和滩地韭的组织浸提液对棉花,番茄等主要作物病害病原真菌生长的抑制特性进行了研究。试验结果显示：长喙葱浸提液对镰孢菌,轮枝菌,丝核菌及疫霉菌的生长具有明显抑制效果,其10、20和50倍稀释液对丝核菌12h的抑菌率分别为100％,94％,80％,而其10、20倍稀释液对镰孢菌12h的抑菌率分别为100％、72．2％,滩地韭浸提液能抑制镰孢菌,轮枝菌的生长,但不影响丝核菌的生长,两类浸提液的抑菌效果均受温度影响。并随稀释倍数和作用时间的增加而减弱,长喙葱浸提液在4℃冷藏室内放置10d和在121℃条件下放置30min都会丧失长喙葱浸提液经透析去除小分子化合物,其上清液、沉淀都无抑菌作用,说明抑菌有效成分属小分子化合物。     

Quality versus quantity: spring wheat seed size and seeding rate effects on Avena fatua interference, economic returns and economic thresholds

A 3-year field experiment was conducted at Kalispell, Montana, USA, to investigate the effects of spring wheat seed size and seeding rate on wheat yield loss (YL), economic returns and economic thresholds (ETs), as a function of Avena fatua density. Crop competitive ability increased as wheat seeding rate and seed size increased, with the greatest differences among treatment factors being observed at low weed densities. Both treatment factors decreased spring wheat YL, increasing economic returns during all 3 years of the study despite the higher associated seed costs. Averaged over all other factors, adjusted gross returns (AGR) were 477 and 537$ ha⁻¹ for the low and high seeding rates, while values of 453, 521 and 547$ ha⁻¹ were obtained for the small, bulk and large seed size classes respectively. Weed-free yield potential varied yearly. As yield potential increased, A. fatua competitive effects were more evident and ETs decreased. Nonetheless, both treatment factors increased ETs in 2 of 3 years. These results demonstrate that the use of higher seeding rates and larger seed size classes both improve wheat competitive ability towards A. fatua while simultaneously increasing economic returns.     

甘蔗野生资源对蔗茅柄锈菌的抗性鉴定

采用人工接种喷雾法对国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的31份甘蔗野生资源材料进行了抗蔗茅柄锈菌(Puccinia erianthi Padw et Khan)的抗性鉴定。结果表明,31份材料中,高抗材料19份(61.3%),抗性材料3份(9.68%),中抗材料6份(19.36%),中感材料3份(9.68%)。其中斑茅种对蔗茅柄锈菌的抗病性较强,细茎野生种抗病性较差,较易感锈病。