Milk Protein Polymorphism in Kangayam Cattle

This paper reports the milk protein polymorphism, the allele frequencies of variants and the possible linkages among various combinations of milk protein phenotypes in the Kangayam cattle of south India. Milk samples from 156 Kangayam cows were typed by starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for caseins and whey proteins, respectively. All the four milk protein components studied, _s1-casein, -casein, -lactoglobulin and -lactalbumin, exhibited polymorphism with high allele frequencies of 0.9231±0.0151 for _s1-casein C, 0.9263±0.0148 for -casein A, 0.9135±0.0159 for -lactoglobulin B and a relatively high frequency of 0.6218±0.0275 for -lactalbumin A. The mean heterozygosity estimated over all the four milk protein loci was 0.2420. Genetic equilibrium was observed among all the loci studied, except -lactalbumin. Linkage analysis confirmed the non-independence between _s1- and -caseins and between caseins and -lactalbumin phenotypes.     

Impact of slash disposal on soil and water loss and the growth of planted seedlings

IntroductionState Forestry Administration of China issuedmanagement investigated for forest harvesting andregeneration in 1987, which included three methodsof slash disposal (State Forestry Administration1987). The first slash treatment is slash piling, whichis divided into scattered piling and strip piling. Thescattered piling is suitsble for selection cutting, stripcutting and tending cutting. Strip piling is used fOllowing clear cutting. The second slash treatment isspreading of slash. …     

化学实验室常见废液处理的探讨

对化学实验室常见废液进行科学分类，根据它们的不同性质提出了相应的处理方法，并对实验中得以应用，使化学实验室废液的排放标准达到国标规定，增强了学生的环保意识和实验操作技能。     

死猪堆肥处理的通风率选择探讨

针对生产中死猪难处理的问题,作者对死猪堆肥技术进行了试验研究。试验采用箱式堆肥方法,设定处理1、处理2、处理3的通风速率分别为300、200和100L/(m3·min),每个处理设置4个重复;堆肥箱有效容积为0.95m3,每个堆肥箱中间单层放入3头死猪(总质量30～32kg),死猪上、下和四周是由玉米秸秆和猪粪混合的堆肥物料。在北京夏季条件下的运行结果表明,各处理堆肥箱内平均温度超过55℃的时间分别为19、19和34d,处理间差异不显著;试验6周后,死猪仅剩下大部分骨骼,此时3种处理的死猪降解率分别达到(95.5±1.4)%、(94.7±1.7)%和(95.0±0.8)%,仅处理1与处理3的死猪质量(湿基)差异显著(P<0.05);试验14d后粪大肠菌群数即能满足相关标准的无害化要求;各处理堆肥物料的同一特性参数的变化规律一致,且无显著差异,堆肥结束时物料的有机质(干基)质量分数在47%～48%,全氮和全磷(干基)的质量分数达5.7%～6.4%,超过《有机肥料》标准的总养分≥5%的技术指标要求。鉴于以上试验结果,综合考虑运行成本,建议死猪箱式堆肥的通风率不大于100L/(m3·min)和堆肥时间不少于6周。死猪堆肥在无害化处理死猪的同时,将其转化成有机肥料,将为中国规模化猪场的死猪处理提供新的技术选择。     

杨凌示范区城市生活垃圾的理化性质及处理对策研究

为了确定合适的垃圾处理对策,依据城市生活垃圾采样和物理分析方法标准和相关的行业标准对杨凌示范区城市生活垃圾的理化性质进行了为期1年的分析研究。结果表明,垃圾各组分中可腐物占36.88%～55.32%,筛下混合物为15.76%～25.60%,无机物6.75%～35.36%,塑料6.9%～26.00%,垃圾的容重为215.4～429 kg.m-3,含水率为38.87%～53.21%,高位热值为10 082～24 467.6kJ.kg-1,低位热值为4 946～13 929.4 kJ.kg-1;可腐物和筛下混合物中总N为0.592%～2.046%,总P(P2O5)为0.192%～0.820%,总K(K2O)为0.796%～1.686%,重金属Cr为18.72～46.35 mg.kg-1,Cu为67.33～180.04 mg.kg-1,Pb为17.74～72.43 mg.kg-1,Zn为116.71～337.05mg.kg-1,As为9.05～24.14 mg.kg-1。在此基础上,提出堆肥加填埋是当前杨凌示范区生活垃圾最恰当的处理方案。     

基于SCS-CN和GIS的潜在集雨工程位置确定

合理开发利用雨水资源,是缓解水资源紧张状况的有效途径之一。该文采用SCS-CN水文模型计算流域地表径流量;应用RS技术获取土地利用现状数据,在GIS软件平台下对研究区土地利用现状、土壤类型、地表径流量及数字高程等空间信息数据进行处理分析;根据雨水集蓄利用工程技术规范和坡面集水蓄水工程建设一般的选址要求,构建集雨工程位置选择的约束集;结合空间信息和属性数据及约束集,在GIS软件平台下确定潜在的集雨工程的位置。得出结论:适宜修建蓄水池的位置128处、适宜修建拦水坝的位置47处、适宜修建大口井的位置65处。结果可用于指导当地地表径流资源的科学利用,为山区流域综合治理和集雨工程的规划与设计提供科学依据。     

农业气象服务信息的分布式处理

叙述了使用运行于计算机网络上的应用气象信息服务系统远程分布式采集、编制和发布农业气象服务信息的方法，阐述了确保应用气象信息分布式处理效果的措施。     

河南省城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术路线分析

首先对常用污泥处理技术及其投资运行成本进行了简要分析;然后建立了河南省污泥处置方案的评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)和隶属函数对土地利用、填埋、焚烧及建材利用4种污泥处置方案进行了综合评价,结果表明以土地利用为最佳处置方案。最后结合河南省的实际情况,推荐了4条污泥处理处置组合技术路线,并对其适用地区进行了分析。     

Salt distribution in response to optical stratification porosity and relative windspeed in a coastal forest in Niigata, Japan

Wind velocity, vertical stand structure and seasalt distribution were measured at various heights inside a plantation of coastal pine forest, with thinning and unthinning, to assess whether any relationships exist between the wind profile, stand structure and seasalt distribution in the coastal pine forest. The vertical stand structure, i.e., optical stratification porosity (OSP), which is defined as vertical distribution of the proportion of sky hemisphere not obscured by tree elements inside a forest stand, was determined for each height by computer analysis of digital images taken with a hemispherical lens. The distribution of OSP in the coastal forest follows the Lambert-Beer's law with absorbency coefficient (). The relative windspeed within canopy can be described using the exponential form with the attenuation coefficient (). The sea-salt was collected using salt gauze (a surgical dressing of loosely woven cotton) both inside and outside the coastal forest, and the distribution of sea-salt within canopy was also in accordance with an exponential function. The relationships among windspeed, OSP and sea-salt indicate that the distributions of both sea-salt and windspeed within canopy were very closely correlated with the distribution of OSP. A linear relationship between OSP and sea-salt has been found. Additionally, linear regression between coefficients and has been obtained as well. Based on these relationships between OSP, wind and sea-salt in the coastal forest, the sea-salt distribution and wind profile within the canopy of the coastal forest can be predicted according to OSP. These results may therefore be useful in analyzing the effects of sea-salt on vegetation and evaluating the filter functions of coastal forests.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

光合细菌研究概况及其应用进展

对光合细菌的分类，分布，结构成分，生理代谢及营养和环境条件做了介绍，对光合细菌的应用做了系统的概述。