连续辊压中密度纤维板废水处理系统工艺设计

针对黑龙江兴隆中密度纤维板有限公司年产5万m3连续辊压中密度纤维板生产线废水的水质特点,采用混凝-厌氧-好氧相结合的废水处理工艺。运行结果表明,该废水处理系统运行稳定,最终出水指标达到了GB 8978-2002《污水综合排放标准》中的二级标准,净化后的水不仅能在厂内循环利用,而且产生的活性污泥还可以作为企业副产品销售,具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

木薯高产栽培及产后废弃物处理国内研究进展

从品种选择、肥料运筹、合理密植和田间管理等方面综述了木薯高产栽培技术,概括了木薯收获后的废弃物处理技术,展望了江西木薯产业化的发展前景。     

渭河流域周至段鱼类多样性与栖息环境调查

2016年6月19日~30日对渭河流域周至段鱼类资源与其栖息环境进行调查研究。结果表明:该地区有鱼类有2纲(硬骨鱼纲和辐鳍鱼纲)4目(鲤形目、鲈形目、鲶形目和鲑形目)6科(鲤科、虾虎鱼科、鲿科、鳅科、鲑科和鲶科)17属18种,其中优势种为拉氏鱥Phoxinus lagowskii与鲦Hemiculter leucisculus;常见种为红尾荷马条鳅Homatula variegata。鱼类资源多度状况与水质差异显著相关,在渭河与黑河交汇处生物多样性最丰富,各样区种类分布较为平均,但群落数量差异较大。总体而言,渭河流域周至段鱼类组成较为简单,鱼类资源呈下降的趋势,丰富性程度不高。     

鱿鱼内脏的营养及其开发利用

按照国标方法,对鱿鱼内脏的营养成分进行检测。结果表明,鱿鱼内脏营养丰富,每100 g鱿鱼内脏中含脂肪21.15 g,蛋白质21.24 g,钙51.46 mg,铁609.07μg和磷95.88μg。此外,鱿鱼内脏消化液中还含有18种氨基酸(包括全部人体必需氨基酸),鱿鱼内脏油脂脂肪酸中含有10.58%的EPA和15.23%的DHA,非常值得研究开发与利用。     

Binding characteristics and regulation of the 17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-S) receptor on testicular and sperm plasma membranes of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)

The binding characteristics of 17,20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) to plasma membranes prepared from the testes and sperm of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) were investigated using a filtration method to retain the bound 20-S. A single class of high affinity (K_d = 17.9 nM), low capacity (B_max = 0.072 nM g^-1 testes) binding sites was identified by saturation and Scatchard analyses on testicular membranes of spermiating spotted seatrout. A corresponding receptor (K_d = 22.17 nM, B_max = 0.00261 nM ml^-1 milt) was also detected in spermatozoan membrane preparations. The rates of 20-S association and dissociation were rapid, both had T_halfs of less than 1 min. Competition studies indicated that the receptor was highly specific for 20-S. 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, which had the highest affinity of the other steroids tested, had a relative binding affinity (RBA) of 14.3%. Progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol and testosterone competed with an order of magnitude less affinity (RBA's of 7.4, 1.8 and 1.1%, respectively). Estradiol displayed low affinity for the receptor (RBA = 0.4%) and cortisol did not cause any displacement at 1000-fold excess concentration. Specific 20-S receptor binding was detected in plasma membranes from testes of both spermiating and non-spermiating seatrout and on spermatozoa. Prolonged incubation of testicular fragments from a spermiating fish with gonadotropin (15 IU ml^-1 human chorionic gonadotropin) or forskolin (10 µM) caused a 2–3 fold increase in membrane receptor binding. Previous studies have shown that gonadotropin-induced upregulation of the 20-S plasma membrane receptor in seatrout ovaries is required for the oocytes to become responsive to 20-S and undergo final maturation. The existence of a 20-S membrane receptor on sperm and its upregulation in the testes by gonadotropin raises the possibility that final maturation of spermatozoa in male seatrout may be regulated by a similar mechanism.     

Determination of primary structure of amberjack myosin heavy chain and its relationship with structural stability of various fish myosin rods

The structural stability of fish myosin depends upon species and temperatures of water in which fish live. Primary, secondary, and quaternary structures of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) from three species of fish living at different temperature ranges have been compared with those of rabbit MyHC in order to investigate the differences in stability. Primary structure of MyHC, although being accessible for warm-water and cold-water fish (carp and walleye pollack), was not available in previous for tropical-water fish literature; so in this study primary structure of MyHC of the tropical-water fish amberjack has been determined by cloning and sequencing its cDNA. The MyHC has 1938 amino acid residues (AA), which are almost as much as as those of carp and walleye pollack. The amberjack MyHC is 91–95% homologous with other fish and rabbit MyHCs. There is a discernible difference between animal species with stable myosin rod (amberjack, carp, and rabbit) and walleye pollack with unstable rod. Stable rod species have a high probability of forming coiled-coil around the COOH-terminal end of the rod, while the pollack has a low coiled-coil formation probability. In addition, the average scores of the coiled-coil for myosin rod were rabbit (1.738) > amberjack (1.691) > carp (1.680) > walleye pollack (1.674) which correlated exactly with the observed stability. The results suggest that coiled-coil forming ability, particularly around the COOH-terminal end, directs structural stability of fish myosin rod.     

粉煤灰场复垦地肥力状况及对土壤理化性质的影响

选择安徽省淮南市上窑镇粉煤灰处置场覆土复垦地为研究区域,测定覆土厚度和土壤剖面各层的容重、pH、含水量、有机质等理化性质,土壤总氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分含量,以及冬小麦抽穗期的生物量,研究粉煤灰处置场复垦土壤理化性质及其与土壤养分的相关性,不同覆土厚度复垦地冬小麦生长的差异性.结果表明,粉煤灰场复垦地土壤总氮含量约0.90 g/kg,有效磷和速效钾含量分别为12～76 mg/kg、114～135 mg/kg,土壤肥力与作物生长状况和自然农业土壤相比差异不显著;除复垦土壤厚度、容重、含水量对有效磷含量影响显著外,其余土壤养分与土壤理化性质和表土厚度的相关性不强.     

城市污泥处理处置及资源化研究进展

我国是一个经济基础较为薄弱、可耕地有限的农业大国,而污泥中富含植物生长必需的有机质、腐殖质和矿质元素,本文首先介绍了将污泥作为栽培基质部分或全部替代土壤,将污泥制成复合或生物复合肥料与无机或有机基质混配为复合基质等的可行性;然后指出使污泥处置与污泥稳定化、减量化、无害化及资源化相结合将成为解决城市污泥问题的最终出路。     

中国农村厕所改造及粪污处理标准体系研究

农村无害化卫生厕所改造可以有效地减少农村地区粪-口传播疾病的发病率,保障人民群众身体健康和生活品质。2018年以来,农业农村部会同有关部门积极行动,大力推进农村厕所革命,取得了积极成效。然而,一些地方农村厕所\     

自然村生产生活废弃物循环利用模式及其评价研究

农业农村生产生活废弃物循环利用是实现农村人居环境治理、提高资源利用效率的重要途径,对美丽乡村建设具有重要意义。该文以自然村为研究对象,采用层次分析法和模糊评价法相结合的方法,统筹考虑生产生活废弃物循环利用,构建了自然村生产生活循环技术模式评价指标体系,确定各项指标的权重,建立评价方法。以河北邢台市山区某村为例,针对其生产生活废弃物产生特点,构建生产生活废弃物循环利用体系,该村农业废弃物以果木剪枝、生活垃圾、生活污水、人畜粪尿等为主,通过构建以果木剪枝热解+炭基有机肥还田为纽带的循环利用模式,辅以污水处理利用技术,实现了废弃物能源化和就地肥料化利用。通过对该自然村循环利用模式进行实地评价验证,结果表明该自然村生产生活循环技术模式评分结果为优。该文为中国村镇废弃物循环利用技术模式选择、农村人居环境改善和农业绿色发展提供参考和借鉴。