不同处理方法对棉花秸秆营养价值影响的研究

用浓度为2％石灰＋2％尿素、4％石灰＋4％尿素、5％高锰酸钾、1．5％双氧水、2．5％石灰＋3．5％尿素＋3％食盐、3．5％尿素＋2．5％氢氧化钠＋3％食盐分别处理棉花秸秆15d，分析棉花秸秆粗纤维（CF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）及半纤维素（HC）含量变化。结果表明：与对照组相比，棉秆经上述六种处理后CF、ADF、NDF、HC有明显下降，其中CF平均下降19．45％（P〈0．01）、NDF平均下降18．31％（P〈0．01）、ADF平均下降11．81％（P〈0．01）、HC平均下降7．24％（P〈0，01），显示棉花秸秆经上述化学处理后，营养价值均有不同程度的提高，其中以浓度为2．5％石灰＋3．5％尿素＋3％食盐溶液处理效果最为明显。     

两用核不育系人工气候厢处理技术研究

本文探索出一套有效地利用人工气候厢研究两用核不育性转化的人工模拟自然条件，试验材料的种植管理及处理等方法。该方法也可用于其它类似的研究中。     

Environmental multifunctionality of Indonesian agriculture

Industrial and urban developments in Indonesia focus on the economic merits, but neglect agricultural services that, when disappear, will destabilize the environmental and livelihood systems. A series of 5-year study has evaluated various aspects of multifunctionality and implications of paddy field conversion on the disappearance of multifunctionality. Soil loss from a series of 18 terraced paddy fields in central Java is negligible. Only a few terraces located along the streams directly caused sedimentation. The functions of flood mitigation, water-resource conservation, erosion reduction, organic waste disposal, heat mitigation, and rural amenity of paddy fields in Citarum watershed in West Java were significant. The ‘replacement costs’ of such functions was about 51% ($92.67 million yr⁻¹) of the total price of rice of $181.34 million yr⁻¹ produced in the 156,000 ha paddy field. This amount could be considered as free services by the farmers to the society. However, because of society's negligence and unawareness, conversion has been accelerating while development of new paddy fields has been decelerating in the last few years. Low and fluctuating price of agricultural products, unavailability or non-affordability of agricultural supplies and inaccessibility to market are among the major disincentives faced by farmers. Because of appreciable multifunctionality they produce, farmers deserve various incentives for the sake of environmental sustainability and other services.     

Antinutritional factors in anasazi and other pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Antinutritional factors of anasazi bean were compared to traditional pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Anasazi beans contained less (p<0.001) soluble and bound condensed tannins compared to pinto beans. No differences (p>0.05) in stachyose and raffinose content were found between the two bean types; verbascose was not detected at all. Significant (p<0.05) differences in lectin content were observed between anasazi and pinto bean. The lectins of anasazi beans were classified as non toxic and those of the pinto beans as toxic types. No differences (p>0.05) in inhibitor activity against human and bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin were found between the two bean types.     

The Unwanted Horse in the United States: An Overview of the Issue

The unwanted horse is one of the most significant welfare issues facing the U.S. horse industry. This paper discussed the causes of the problem, the types of horses affected, options, pending legislation and efforts by the industry to solve it.     

宁夏太阳山湿地水质现状与富营养化评价

[目的]探明宁夏太阳山湿地湖泊水质与富营养化现状,为其生态修复与合理开发利用提供依据.[方法]于2019年4,7,10月和2020年1月对水样进行采集,检测水环境因子理化指标,分析浮游植物密度、生物量、优势种以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J).[结果]西湖夏、秋季为Ⅲ类水,...     

森林火灾扑救风险控制与处置的对策研究

森林火灾扑救属于高风险、高危险作业。文中依据风险管理理论和国内外减灾战略要求,针对森林火灾扑救风险的特点规律,以实现扑救效益大、风险小、损失少为最终目标,明确提出以人为本、风险认知、风险预警、风险决策、风险控制、风险规避、应急避险和风险转移等对策与措施,科学有效地控制与处置森林火灾扑救风险,从而确保森林消防人员人身安全,确保国家森林资源和林区人民生命财产安全。     

城乡融合中宅基地使用权的处置:必要性、困境与改革方向

从城乡融合发展的视角看,宅基地使用权改革迟滞于现实需求,因此突破宅基地原有体制壁垒、促进城乡融合发展进程,是宅基地使用权处置改革的客观要求。当前宅基地使用权处置改革存在法律规制阻滞、产权缺失、宅基地交易市场机制不完善等现实困境。建议通过政策创新、渐进改革、明确产权属性、适度扩张权能、完善市场交易体制等方式,促进城乡融合发展。     

滴水量对新疆水稻不同类型品种根系特征、产量及水分利用效率的影响

为提高水稻产量和水分利用效率，以抗旱性不同的2个水稻品种T-43（常规早粳抗旱型水稻）和新稻1号（常规早粳旱敏型水稻）为试验材料，设置W1 （115.44 L/盆）、W2（98.12 L/盆）、W3（83.41 L/盆）3个滴水量处理，研究抽穗期和抽穗后20 d不同滴水量对水稻根系形态、分布、根冠比、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果显示，W1处理下，抽穗后20 d各土层T-43品种根长密度（RLD）、根表面积密度（SAD）、根体积密度（RVD）较W2、W3处理分别提高了22.8%和33.1%、21.8%和37.7%、27.7%和32.8%，新稻1号则分别增加80.2%和53.2%、63.3%和88.9%、95.0%和32.3%。W2处理下，抽穗期T-43 RLD和SAD的β值较W1处理分别提高了0.4%、1.7%，新稻1号则分别增加0.3%、1.1%，其中抗旱型品种T-43在0~40 cm 根长密度（RLD）及比根长（SRL）较其他处理增加了1.2%~55.2%，1.6%~29%；在40~60 cm 根表面积密度（SAD）、根干质量 （RDW） 和平均直径（AvgDiam）分别增加了7.2%~13.8%、1.9%~3.0%、8.8%~9.4%，从而维持了T-43在滴水量比W1处理少17.32 L/盆的W2处理下，产量及其构成因子与W1差异不显著，WUE提高4.5%，而新稻1号随滴水量的减少产量及WUE分别降低了28.3%~79.8%和15.2%~71.7%。相关性分析显示，水稻0~20 cm浅层根系各形态指标与产量、产量构成因子及WUE存在显著或极显著正相关，且大于20~60 cm深层根系。综上，水稻根系形态学指标与产量、WUE间存在密切的相关性；通过适当减少滴水量 （15%左右） 调控作物浅层根系分布情况，促进抽穗后20 d根系发育，在不显著影响产量的前提下提高了水分利用效率；在生产上还应根据水稻品种对水分响应特性的不同制定合理的灌溉制度，以达到更高经济效益。     

厨余垃圾、绿化废弃物和茶叶渣中试共堆肥系统效果评估

为解决厨余垃圾等有机废弃物处理难的问题，该研究以厨余垃圾、绿化废弃物和茶叶渣为主要原料，通过控制通风方式和菌种类型在堆肥成套设备内开展中试好氧堆肥，选取温度、含水率、碳氮比（C/N）、总养分、有机质含量、种子发芽指数和卫生学特性等指标评估共堆肥系统的技术可行性和经济可行性。结果表明：选择间歇式通风方式并按质量分数1‰投加复配菌剂，堆肥在65 ℃以上高温持续7 d；经10 d发酵，物料含水率和C/N分别从63.5%和31.5降至30.1%和9.6；堆肥产物的总养分（9.8%，质量分数，下同）和有机质含量（43%）均远高于NY/T 525-2021农业行业标准（总养分≥4%，有机质含量≥30%）；堆肥产物腐熟度和卫生学特性状况良好，种子发芽指数达88.3%，粪大肠菌群数<3 个/g，产物中未发现蛔虫卵。该共堆肥系统的废物平均处置成本低至（248.67±19.89）元/t。研究结果可为实现厨余垃圾、绿化废弃物和茶叶渣的低成本、规模化处理，有效解决厨余等有机废弃物环境污染问题提供参考依据。