畜禽粪便无害化生物处理技术的研究

畜禽粪便排泄物虽然是一种污染源,但如果将其合理有效地处理,进行开发利用,变废为宝,会成为一项重要的和可利用的资源.其中,应用微生物无害化活菌制剂发酵技术处理畜禽粪便,是比较科学的、理想的和经济实用的方法,所产生的无害化生物有机肥是一种重要的肥料.畜禽粪便年排放量按19亿t计,折算成标准化学氮肥为570万t,标准磷肥420万t,标准钾肥330万t,合计折算标准化肥总量约为1320万t,并可提供有机质约为2850万t.同时,畜禽粪便通过生物发酵处理后消除了病菌和虫卵等有害微生物,使环境得到改善和净化.     

模板工程施工质量事故处理与预防

对模板工程施工过程中模板支撑系统失稳、底层模板支架沉降、过早拆除模板底模、柱模板缺陷等常见工程质量事故的原因进行分析 ,并提出处理方法和预防措施     

Trace Elements in Fish Overlying Subaqueous Tailings in the Tropical West Pacific

From 1972–1989, Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL) dischargedmine tailings into Empress Augusta Bay on the west coast ofBougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. For a decade(1977–1987), trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As) weremeasured in muscle tissue and organs of 8 species of tropicalmarine fish common to both the east and west coasts of theIsland. Metal concentrations were not elevated in muscle tissueof west fish compared with those from the east coast.Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in fish muscle from bothcoasts ranged from 10–15% of recommended maximum residuelimits (MRLs), whereas concentrations of Hg in muscle wereslightly higher, ranging up to 80% of the MRL (0.5 mgkg^-1 Hg wet wt.). Maximum total As concentrations (3.6 mgkg^-1 wet wt.) were recorded in the shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus), while highest Hg values (0.76 mgkg^-1 wet wt.) were found in hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnalewini) from both coasts. Despite significant temporalvariations in Hg and As concentrations in muscle tissue of somewest coast fish populations (p < 0.05), there was no evidencefor bioaccumulation or biomagnification of any of these metalsduring the 10 yr period, even in the soft organs (liver andkidney) of fish. Several site specific factors contributing toabsence of metals uptake from tailings are discussed.     

The Unwanted Horse in the United States: An Overview of the Issue

The unwanted horse is one of the most significant welfare issues facing the U.S. horse industry. This paper discussed the causes of the problem, the types of horses affected, options, pending legislation and efforts by the industry to solve it.     

The effect of dairy sewage sludge amendment on repellency and hydraulic conductivity of soil aggregates from two depths of Eutric Cambisol

Appropriate management of sewage sludge is an important worldwide issue due to the still growing amount of wastewaters. In the study we examined to what extent the addition of dairy sewage sludge compared with mineral fertilization affects porosity, repellency index, and hydraulic conductivity of variously sized aggregates from two soil depths of Eutric Cambisol derived from loess: 5–15 cm and 25–35 cm. The repellency index was calculated as a ratio of ethanol and water sorptivity. Data on water and ethanol sorptivities of initially air‐dry soil aggregate fractions were obtained from steady state flow measurements using an infiltration device. Hydraulic conductivity was determined by measuring water infiltration at five pressure heads: –8, –6, –4, –2, and 0 cm of water column with the same device as for sorptivity determination. Addition of sewage sludge to the soil decreased the soil repellency index by an average of 27% in topsoil and 32% in subsoil for both aggregate sizes, respectively, and increased hydraulic conductivity about four times in both layers. Smaller aggregates (15–20 mm diameter) from soil amended with sewage sludge, in comparison with larger ones (30–35 mm diameter), had a higher repellency index by 36 and 24% in topsoil and subsoil, respectively. As for aggregates from soil with mineral fertilization, those differences were smaller and equal to 15% in subsoil, in topsoil smaller aggregates even had slightly lower repellency index (by 5%). Aggregates taken from the upper soil layer were more water repellent and had smaller hydraulic conductivity than those taken from subsoil, regardless of soil treatment and aggregate size.     

NIMBY or NIABY? Who defines a policy problem and why: Analysis of framing in radioactive waste disposal facility placement in South Korea

This paper applies discourse analysis to policies surrounding the siting of radioactive waste disposal facilities in South Korea. We question the premises of previous studies that define the radioactive waste disposal facilities decision outcomes in Korea as ‘repeated failures’. Instead, we suggest that underlying ideas and value systems surrounding the policy problem differ between supporting and opposing parties. In particular, our focus is on the ‘framing’ strategies manifest in policy discourse. Our analysis of newspaper articles shows that participants define and frame the policy issue in distinctive ways. Framing strategies include selective attention to, and naming of, the policy issues in the processes of frame articulation, amplification, extension and transformation. Overall, our analysis shows that framing analysis is a useful tool for understanding the policy decision‐making process from a different perspective than traditional policy analysis.     

Effect of Nitrite on Anaerobic Metabolism of Phosphate Accumulating Organisms

Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludges were used to investigate the effect of nitrite on anaerobic metabolism of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). It is found that tolerance of PAOs to nitrite in two sludges were different. In the sludge with enriched PAOs cultures treating synthetic wastewater, when nitrite is above 10 mg/L, it inhibits VFA-uptake of PAOs, leading to decrease of PHA synthesis and increase of phosphate release. In the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification treating real domestic wastewater, anaerobic metabolism of PAOs is not inhibited even when nitrite is 30 mg/L; however, the presence of nitrite in anaerobic period causes denitrifying bacteria compete for limited carbon sources with PAOs, resulting in decrease of PHA synthesis and phosphate release. For the enriched PAOs cultures, the ratio of P/VFA obviously increases when nitrite is added in the reactor, indicating increased energy requirement for PAOs to take up VFA. The quantification results for PAOs in two sludges using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) show that the PAOs level is 55% in the enriched PAOs cultures, and 7.6% in the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification.     

静脉产业园的发展现状及对策探讨

指出了城市废弃物孤立、分散的传统处理方式存在的问题和发展的困境,对静脉产业园内涵、特点及国内外发展现状进行了分析,针对我国开展静脉产业园的建设提出了对策和建议,为我国城市进行废弃物处理处置、资源综合利用和循环经济发展提供借鉴。     

成品油管道顺序输送混油切割及处理研究

综述了国内外管道顺序输送混油处理的基本方法,对混油掺混处理法和蒸馏法处理法的优缺点进行了比较.综合考虑了混油贬值损失的影响因素,建立了混油切割处理模型,并给出了求解实例.     

镁对滇重楼生长、养分吸收和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施镁水平,即:Mg 0、40、80、160 mg/kg,研究了不同水平镁对滇重楼生长、养分含量和块茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施镁相比,适宜施镁量能显著降低了滇重楼株高和生物量及块茎产量。Mg 80和40 mg/kg处理,滇重楼生物量和块茎增加百分率最高,超过以上水平时,总生物量和块茎产量显著下降。施Mg对滇重楼各部位N含量影响较小,但低镁水平（Mg 40 mg/kg）可显著提高滇重楼各部位P、K的含量。在本试验范围内,各部位镁含量随镁施用水平增加而显著增加。施Mg 80 mg/kg时,新块茎总皂甙含量最高;而施Mg 40 mg/kg时,老块茎总皂甙含量最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mg 40 mg/kg较为适宜。