静脉产业园的发展现状及对策探讨

指出了城市废弃物孤立、分散的传统处理方式存在的问题和发展的困境,对静脉产业园内涵、特点及国内外发展现状进行了分析,针对我国开展静脉产业园的建设提出了对策和建议,为我国城市进行废弃物处理处置、资源综合利用和循环经济发展提供借鉴。     

Effect of Nitrite on Anaerobic Metabolism of Phosphate Accumulating Organisms

Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludges were used to investigate the effect of nitrite on anaerobic metabolism of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). It is found that tolerance of PAOs to nitrite in two sludges were different. In the sludge with enriched PAOs cultures treating synthetic wastewater, when nitrite is above 10 mg/L, it inhibits VFA-uptake of PAOs, leading to decrease of PHA synthesis and increase of phosphate release. In the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification treating real domestic wastewater, anaerobic metabolism of PAOs is not inhibited even when nitrite is 30 mg/L; however, the presence of nitrite in anaerobic period causes denitrifying bacteria compete for limited carbon sources with PAOs, resulting in decrease of PHA synthesis and phosphate release. For the enriched PAOs cultures, the ratio of P/VFA obviously increases when nitrite is added in the reactor, indicating increased energy requirement for PAOs to take up VFA. The quantification results for PAOs in two sludges using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) show that the PAOs level is 55% in the enriched PAOs cultures, and 7.6% in the sludge with nitrogen and phosphorus removal by shortcut nitrification.     

镁对滇重楼生长、养分吸收和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施镁水平,即:Mg 0、40、80、160 mg/kg,研究了不同水平镁对滇重楼生长、养分含量和块茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施镁相比,适宜施镁量能显著降低了滇重楼株高和生物量及块茎产量。Mg 80和40 mg/kg处理,滇重楼生物量和块茎增加百分率最高,超过以上水平时,总生物量和块茎产量显著下降。施Mg对滇重楼各部位N含量影响较小,但低镁水平（Mg 40 mg/kg）可显著提高滇重楼各部位P、K的含量。在本试验范围内,各部位镁含量随镁施用水平增加而显著增加。施Mg 80 mg/kg时,新块茎总皂甙含量最高;而施Mg 40 mg/kg时,老块茎总皂甙含量最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mg 40 mg/kg较为适宜。     

美国猪场尸体处理方法分析与借鉴

动物尸体的合理处理有利于保护环境、控制疾病的传播、减少食品安全事件的发生以及促进畜牧业健康发展。美国小规模的养猪场对尸体主要采用场内处理，集团化的养猪企业和与其签约的合同猪场主要采用离场处理。论文通过对美国猪场尸体处理方法的介绍，并对其优缺点进行分析，以期为我国动物尸体尤其是猪尸体的处理提供参考。     

城市生活垃圾处置方法与综合处理前分选工艺研究现状

对我国城市生活垃圾的主要分选设备和工艺设计进行了分析,指出了我国城市生活垃圾有露天堆放、高温堆肥、卫生填埋、垃圾焚烧、综合管理等主要处置方法。在此基础上,为我国城市垃圾资源化的处理方法提供了良好的建议。     

福建省城市垃圾处置现状及其对环境的影响——以红庙岭垃圾场为例

通过研究福建省城市垃圾处置方式、处理能力以及垃圾产生量等,对城市垃圾处置需求和适宜性进行了分析。并以福州市红庙岭垃圾场为例,分析了垃圾处置场对环境的影响。在此基础上对福建省垃圾处置提出了对策建议。     

滩涂淤泥在人工藻礁制备中的应用

为了有效利用滩涂淤泥中的营养物质,加快人工藻场的构建进程,通过筛除、烘干等方法将滩涂淤泥制成人工藻礁的原料,按照不同比例与水泥混合(0.3∶1、0.5∶1、0.7∶1、0.9∶1)制备成人工藻礁礁块,采用一元线性回归方法对不同淤泥-水泥混合比藻礁中的营养盐溶出效果进行了分析,并测量了各混合比礁体的抗压强度。结果表明,各比例礁体中氮、磷的溶出规律基本符合线性模式(R20.73);各混合比礁体中营养盐的溶出效果符合缓释肥的释放规律,可持续向周边水体中溶出含有氮、磷的营养物质;铵盐的溶出效果随淤泥含量的增加呈上升趋势,且各混合比礁块之间有极显著差异(P0.01);磷酸盐的溶出效果随淤泥含量的增加呈上升趋势,但各混合比礁块之间并无显著差异(P0.05);此外,礁体的抗压强度随淤泥含量的增加呈下降趋势。该研究可为滩涂淤泥在人工鱼礁制作和人工藻场增殖中的应用提供理论依据和技术参考。     

Trace Elements in Fish Overlying Subaqueous Tailings in the Tropical West Pacific

From 1972–1989, Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL) dischargedmine tailings into Empress Augusta Bay on the west coast ofBougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. For a decade(1977–1987), trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As) weremeasured in muscle tissue and organs of 8 species of tropicalmarine fish common to both the east and west coasts of theIsland. Metal concentrations were not elevated in muscle tissueof west fish compared with those from the east coast.Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in fish muscle from bothcoasts ranged from 10–15% of recommended maximum residuelimits (MRLs), whereas concentrations of Hg in muscle wereslightly higher, ranging up to 80% of the MRL (0.5 mgkg^-1 Hg wet wt.). Maximum total As concentrations (3.6 mgkg^-1 wet wt.) were recorded in the shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus), while highest Hg values (0.76 mgkg^-1 wet wt.) were found in hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnalewini) from both coasts. Despite significant temporalvariations in Hg and As concentrations in muscle tissue of somewest coast fish populations (p < 0.05), there was no evidencefor bioaccumulation or biomagnification of any of these metalsduring the 10 yr period, even in the soft organs (liver andkidney) of fish. Several site specific factors contributing toabsence of metals uptake from tailings are discussed.     

菌剂DF-1对啤酒厂污泥与鸡粪堆肥的影响

为了探讨功能性菌剂对堆肥化进程的影响,并为加快啤酒厂污泥与鸡粪堆肥化进程和减少臭气提供理论依据,将自制菌剂DF-1接种至啤酒厂污泥与鸡粪的堆体中,以不接种堆体为参照,测定了堆肥化过程中各参数的变化及菌剂DF-1中优势微生物变化情况。结果显示：两个堆体废气中NH3浓度均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,H2S浓度则呈现持续下降的变化情形;不接种堆体NH3浓度至堆肥腐熟期仍为0.39 mmol/m3,而接种堆体第10天为1.25 mmol/m3,此后无法检出;不接种堆体中H2S浓度在堆肥第22天仍为0.7 mg/L;而接种菌剂堆体第10天为0.48 mg/L,此后无法检出。接种菌剂DF-1不但能降低堆体水分含量,而且其堆体腐熟期TN含量高于未接种菌剂DF-1的堆体,说明接种菌剂后不但能有效减少臭气,而且有利于堆肥产品后期烘干制粒和优质高效有机肥的产生。菌剂DF-1中优势菌种乳酸乳球菌、热带假丝酵母及绿色木霉在堆肥过程中存在交替演变。     

浅谈城市污水处理及工业污水在线监测

介绍了城市污水处理的现状、在线监测系统开发的必要性、应用情况以及系统所采用的在线设备和指标。提出了在城市管网工业废水排口进行在线监测的预警系统，特别是在工业酸度测试仪中集成了通信模块，利用GPRS无线传输技术，对工业污水中的pH值进行了在线监测有效地保护了城市管网、泵站以及污水处理厂的设备。