规模化猪场粪污处理技术研究进展

我国规模化猪场的兴起与粪污处理的相对滞后，使养殖业对环境的污染日益严重，畜牧场的污染问题已越来越受到人们的关注和重视。通过营养调控的方式可以提高动物对养分利用率，从而减少动物代谢废物的排泄量，但动物的粪污排泄量仍大大超出环境的承受能力，因此必须加强猪场废弃物和污水的综合治理。本文就国内外粪污处理技术和(粪)污水处理的工艺等方面研究近况作一综述。     

秸秆袋装微贮饲料加工机械的研究

秸秆袋装微贮饲料是一种营养价值高、采食和吸收率高、便于贮存和中长距离运输的饲料,是秸秆产业化的一项新技术。研究了商品化秸秆袋装微贮饲料加工机械,并提出了相应的饲料生产工艺。     

鱿鱼内脏的营养及其开发利用

按照国标方法,对鱿鱼内脏的营养成分进行检测。结果表明,鱿鱼内脏营养丰富,每100 g鱿鱼内脏中含脂肪21.15 g,蛋白质21.24 g,钙51.46 mg,铁609.07μg和磷95.88μg。此外,鱿鱼内脏消化液中还含有18种氨基酸(包括全部人体必需氨基酸),鱿鱼内脏油脂脂肪酸中含有10.58%的EPA和15.23%的DHA,非常值得研究开发与利用。     

Decision Making for Vendor Selection With AHP and Random Disposal of DEA

The vendor selection directly relatives to the procurement quality and influences the competition of the corporation in the supply chains. It is important and practical to study the vendor selection method. The measuring criteria and the method for vendor selection are analyzed. The authors put forward an new method which is combined with both the advantage of analytic hierarchy process (AHP ) and random disposal of data envelopment analysis ( DEA) for vendor selection. It introduces a random variable which solves the disadvantage of the weigh value in DEA which convert subjective estimation to objective opinion in the course of the vendor selecting. The method can improve the reliability of the vendor selection.     

ABR反应器性能研究：回顾与总结

厌氧折流板反应器ABR是一种新型高效厌氧反应器，本文主要是对ABR反应器问世以来关于它的研究及相关的工作进行了较为全面的整理与分析，找出待研究领域和问题，为今后的研究工作提供了基础和方向。     

扇贝加工废弃物蛋白酶解及其酶解产物分子量分布的研究

对用复合酶酶解扇贝加工废弃物制备水解蛋白的工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验方法确定了用两种复合酶酶解的最适水解条件。结果表明,用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为50.3%,蛋白质水解度为95.5%。用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为43.2%,蛋白质水解度为85.0%。用SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法对水解产物的分析结果表明,两种混合酶的酶解产物为蛋白肽和游离氨基酸,其相对分子质量均集中分布在585和150左右。     

农业科研副产品处置存在的问题与对策

农业科研副产品具有质量及数量的不确定性,目前国家没有明确的界定标准和管理制度,各地农业科研院所管理制度也不统一.文章以天津市农业科学院为例,介绍了当前农业科研单位科研副产品处置的现状,分析了科研副产品处置存在的问题,剖析了造成科研副产品处置管理不规范的原因,并提出了加强组织领导、建立健全管理制度、加强科研副产品精细化管理等加强科研副产品处置管理的对策建议.     

农药包装废弃物回收处置管理的思考

本文在深入调研农药包装废弃物的回收处置现状上,提出一是加快土地流转,转变农业生产方式,实行科学种养和统防联治;二是开展调研立法,从源头增收排污和包装废弃物回收处置费;三是组建或聘用专业的基层技术服务队;四是合理布局,建立和完善处置体系装备;五是实行补贴“一票否决制”和“补偿激励”机制的意见及建议。从源头和制度上切实解决“有人干、有经费、有设备、有制度”保障等问题,切实做好农药包装废弃物的回收处置工作,实行乡村振兴的优居环境。     

Determination of primary structure of amberjack myosin heavy chain and its relationship with structural stability of various fish myosin rods

The structural stability of fish myosin depends upon species and temperatures of water in which fish live. Primary, secondary, and quaternary structures of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) from three species of fish living at different temperature ranges have been compared with those of rabbit MyHC in order to investigate the differences in stability. Primary structure of MyHC, although being accessible for warm-water and cold-water fish (carp and walleye pollack), was not available in previous for tropical-water fish literature; so in this study primary structure of MyHC of the tropical-water fish amberjack has been determined by cloning and sequencing its cDNA. The MyHC has 1938 amino acid residues (AA), which are almost as much as as those of carp and walleye pollack. The amberjack MyHC is 91–95% homologous with other fish and rabbit MyHCs. There is a discernible difference between animal species with stable myosin rod (amberjack, carp, and rabbit) and walleye pollack with unstable rod. Stable rod species have a high probability of forming coiled-coil around the COOH-terminal end of the rod, while the pollack has a low coiled-coil formation probability. In addition, the average scores of the coiled-coil for myosin rod were rabbit (1.738) > amberjack (1.691) > carp (1.680) > walleye pollack (1.674) which correlated exactly with the observed stability. The results suggest that coiled-coil forming ability, particularly around the COOH-terminal end, directs structural stability of fish myosin rod.     

渭河流域周至段鱼类多样性与栖息环境调查

2016年6月19日~30日对渭河流域周至段鱼类资源与其栖息环境进行调查研究。结果表明:该地区有鱼类有2纲(硬骨鱼纲和辐鳍鱼纲)4目(鲤形目、鲈形目、鲶形目和鲑形目)6科(鲤科、虾虎鱼科、鲿科、鳅科、鲑科和鲶科)17属18种,其中优势种为拉氏鱥Phoxinus lagowskii与鲦Hemiculter leucisculus;常见种为红尾荷马条鳅Homatula variegata。鱼类资源多度状况与水质差异显著相关,在渭河与黑河交汇处生物多样性最丰富,各样区种类分布较为平均,但群落数量差异较大。总体而言,渭河流域周至段鱼类组成较为简单,鱼类资源呈下降的趋势,丰富性程度不高。