杉木树干材积分析

就杉木人工林立木树干材积的估测，材积按树高分布，材积的组成等有关问题进行了探讨。     

The effect ofDendrolimus superans breakout on growth of trees

The effect ofDendrolimus superans on growth of trees was investigated after the breakout in Shibazhan forest area in 1990. Stem analysis was conducted for determining the tree increment loss. The result showed that the current annual increment for extreme heavily damaged, heavily damaged, moderately damaged and lightly damaged stands is 14%, 39.8%, 64% and 82% of that of the control forest respectively. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

农业学术期刊发行量低的原因及对策

农业学术期刊是反映我国农业科学研究成果的信息载体 ,期刊界的激烈竞争给农业学术期刊的发行带来了严重影响。分析了发行量低的内部原因 (如学术性强、读者面窄 ,名牌栏目偏少 ,信息重复、加工粗糙 ,对发行工作重视不够等 )和外部原因 (同类期刊竞争激烈 ,新的媒介发展迅速 ,发行竞争不公平等 ) ,提出了扩大发行的对策 ,即提高对发行量的认识 ,扩大发行渠道 ,加强自我宣传 ,增加信息量 ,增强可读性。     

白桦林“维他”机制研究(13)——边缘效应与增产机制和多样性的关系

分别在白桦幼林、中龄林和成熟林的林缘和林内设置样地２０块、样方１６０个，研究边缘效应与增产机制和多样性的关系。结果表明：①边缘效应可使白桦林树高增产１９％～４１％，胸径增产８％～１１％；其中，幼林高效应４．４８，径效应１．０７，中龄林高效应２．８１，径效应－１．１８，成林高效应１．１１，径效应－０．１９。②边缘效应表现显著的树种有红松、白桦、山杨和黑桦。③边缘效应可增加植物多样性１．３～１．６倍。④通过定义容他量和容他面积，说明了白桦林从幼龄到成龄是一个由自稳态经扩大领域态到自解体态的过程；其中处于扩大领域态的白桦中龄林的容乔量为０．２种／ｍ２、容灌量为０．２种／ｍ２、容草量为０．９种／ｍ２、容红量为０．２７株／ｍ２。     

浅议增值税转型

本文阐述了现行增值税的缺点、消费型增值税的优点,并试图对转型中可能会出现的一些问题提出一些建议。     

盗伐、滥伐林木材积测定(之一)

盗伐、滥伐林木材积涉及案件的性质和处罚。用1株伐倒木资料，分别立木状态、伐倒木状态计算其材积。为保证材积测定准确，当盗伐、滥伐林木呈伐倒木状态，且数量少时，宜采用中央断面区分求积式、牛顿区分求积式或二元材积表测定材积。     

论一元立木材积模型的研建方法

对建立一元立木材积模型的两种常规方法进行了深入分析,提出了以树高—胸径模型为基础的二阶回归估计方法。利用该方法既可以提高模型切合性能,又能有效控制模型的拟合误差,并以西藏自治区的四旁树一元立木材积模型为例进行了说明。     

基于 SVM 方法的高山松林蓄积量遥感估测研究

以香格里拉县高山松为研究对象,利用2006年香格里拉县TM遥感影像、2006年森林资源二类调查小班数据、2009年精度为30 m 的DEM数据以及2013年香格里拉县高山松实测样地数据,提取研究区内高山松林影像分布图及筛选出17个因子（13个遥感因子、3个地形因子、1个地面调查因子）作为备选自变量,在MAT-LAB下利用LIBSVM模块建立研究区高山松林蓄积量单位面积（30 m ×30 m）估测模型。结果表明,选用RBF核函数在参数范围内寻找出SVM模型的最佳参数C＝3.5809, g＝0.1、 p＝0.01,利用最佳寻优参数建立SVM非参数模型,对SVM模型进行测试得到,均方根误差MSE＝0.0087,复相关系数R＝0.51,相对误差RE＝23.4％,估测精度为76.6％。以像元为单位,分块提取高山松林对应的各像元自变量因子,利用估测模型预测得到香格里拉县高山松林总蓄积量为13318476.5 m3。     

Ozonation as an alternative to chlorination for soft wheat flours

High ratio cakes made from ozonated flour attained volumes and other quality characteristics comparable to those from chlorinated flours at 36 min ozonation time. Ozone thus appears to be a viable and more environmentally acceptable alternative to chlorine. Extraction of lipids from flour caused deterioration of cake quality which was not restored by ozonation, indicating that lipids were involved in the improving effects of ozonation. Oxidation by ozone led to higher molecular weights of polymeric proteins.     

Identifying the biological effects of pre-commercial thinning on diameter growth in young Scots pine stands

Data from seven Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in central Sweden that had undergone pre-commercial thinning (PCT) were used to investigate the biological effect of PCT on the diameter at breast height (DBH) growth of the remaining trees. Two treatments were considered: a PCT treatment and a control (C) with no PCT. The DBH of the trees in each stand was measured on up to four occasions over 15 years. We examined mean DBH and DBH growth of the largest 300, 600, 900 and 1200 trees ha^?1. Two methods of selecting the trees used to calculate the mean DBH values for each measurement occasion were considered: the actual mean DBH (Dma), which is based on the DBH distribution of the trees on the measurement occasion in question, and the genuine mean DBH (Dmg), which is based on the DBH distribution of the trees on the final measurement occasion of the study and therefore focuses on the same set of trees for all measurement occasions. There was no clear difference between the Dma- and Dmg-based DBH increments, but the Dmg values tended to be somewhat larger both for the C and PCT treatments. Over a 15-year period, the relative mean yearly increments (Dma/Dmg) for different tree size classes ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, with lower values for the C treatment and larger DBH size classes. We found that PCT promotes DBH growth: over a 15-year period, the increased growth amounted to about 2.0 mm year^?1 compared to the trees in unthinned plots.