水稻叶脉发育的研究进展

叶脉能够运输营养物质和水分,同时还为植物叶片提供机械支撑力,以维持正常的形态结构,从而有利于其生理功能的正常发挥。水稻侧脉的数量直接与叶片宽度成正比,叶片的合适宽度、长度以及直立度都影响其光合效率。因此,对水稻叶脉微管束系统的形态发育以及分子机理研究就显得相当重要。综述了近年有关水稻叶脉发育的细胞以及分子机制的研究进展,以期为研究者提供参考。     

棉花枯萎病菌接种及粗毒素处理后棉苗维管束病理特征

 利用遗传背景一致而抗病性不同的岱16变异品系和抗病品种中12,研究了接种棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)及用枯萎病菌粗毒素处理后,棉苗维管束的病理变化。研究结果表明,接种枯萎病菌后,病株茎部导管及薄壁细胞中有枯萎菌丝存在。发病严重的感病品种原岱16有菌丝的导管数最多,抗病品种早熟岱16抗最少。所有品种中均出现胶状物或侵填体堵塞导管,这种现象在抗病品种中更为明显。病菌粗毒素处理后,棉苗茎及叶柄导管内也出现侵填体或胶状物堵塞导管,抗病品种茎部导管堵塞快。     

不同日龄滩羊皮肤组织化学特征比较

为比较2、35日龄滩羊皮肤毛囊的发育特点与血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR2）的分布特征,探究出生后滩羊被毛生长发育的变化特点,试验应用常规HE染色及改良Masson胶原纤维染色、Gomori银氨法染色、磷钨酸染色等特殊染色观察2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织结构特点;应用免疫组织化学法结合免疫荧光染色法观察VEGF及VEGFR2在2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的分布定位,并用IPP图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果显示：与2日龄滩羊皮肤组织比较,35日龄滩羊表皮与真皮间界限更加清晰,毛囊结构发育完整;毛囊密度显著降低（P<0.05）;胶原纤维与弹性纤维含量增加,形成网格状分布。免疫组化及免疫荧光结果显示,VEGF及VEGFR2在滩羊皮肤表皮及毛囊外根鞘、皮脂腺上均有表达。统计表明,VEGF及VEGFR2在2日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的表达量均显著高于35日龄（P<0.05）。综合上述结果,滩羊毛囊发育过程中,胶原纤维和弹性纤维增加明显;VEGF与VEGFR2通路在毛囊角质形成中起直接调节作用。     

Analysis on Differential Expression Genes in Porcine Aortic Vascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Apolipoprotein C Ⅲ

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ,and study the function of ApoCⅢ.Porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells were successfully isolated using enzyme digestion,and then screened the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ using the Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed 647 differential expression genes,including 390 up-regulated genes and 257 down-regulated genes.The qRT-PCR results verified that the gene expression results from Solexa sequencing data were reliable.GO and Pathway analysis showed that the function of differential expression genes were related to immune response,cell apoptosis and death.These findings suggested that ApoCⅢ affected the physiological function of porcine aortic endothelial cells by the molecular pathways of inflammation,cell adhesion and apoptosis,which provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis caused by ApoCⅢ.     

外源DNA导入水稻第三代变异材料部分器官解剖观察

通过对外源ＤＮＡ导入水稻第三代变异材料的部分器官的解剖观察，发现穗颈和第一节间的维管束数目及大小均较受体品种明显增加，维管束与茎壁组织的面积之比增大，剑叶中脉的维管束和气腔数目增多．这些结果说明变异材料的输导组织发达，物质转运畅通，单位时间内物质运输量多．从而为穗大粒多、早熟、结实率高提供了物质基础．     

高光谱荧光示踪无损检测瓜类作物嫁接苗愈合状态

为了减少瓜类嫁接苗的愈合管理时间,实现快速准确判别嫁接苗早期愈合状态,促进嫁接苗规模化生产及育苗产业发展。该研究制备了氮硫掺杂碳点,以该碳点为荧光示踪材料,以西瓜嫁接苗为研究对象,利用高光谱荧光成像方法,探究了西瓜嫁接苗早期愈合状态无损检测的高光谱荧光示踪成像方法。高光谱荧光示踪图像及光谱分析结果表明,利用氮硫掺杂碳点进行荧光示踪,通过高光谱成像仪对瓜类作物早期愈合状态高通量表型的鉴定,能快速、自动、无损地获取嫁接苗愈合的情况。同时,通过氮硫掺杂碳点处理后第12天,处理组的西瓜嫁接苗相较于对照组,根系增长量提升了78.7%,叶面积增长量提升了61.4%。因此,该研究方法可以提早判别嫁接苗的愈合连通,促使瓜类嫁接苗提早移栽,并且氮硫掺杂碳点处理可以促进嫁接苗叶面积和根系的生长,达到种苗壮苗的作用。     

木本植物次生维管系统形态建成的基因调控与信号转导研究进展

树木的次生生长决定着木材的产量,具有重要的经济价值.围绕着草本模式植物拟南芥和木本模式植物杨树,对近年来有关维管组织形态建成的信号机制与基因调控的研究进展进行概括,主要内容为:维管组织的功能与形成;维管形成层的细胞类型及基因表达特异性;木质部和韧皮部细胞极性的有关关键基因;维管形成层干细胞的分化机制;维管组织发育中的激素调控网络.重点对比拟南芥和杨树这2种模式物种之间的异同.     

羊膜移植抑制碱烧伤后角膜血管内皮生长因子表达的实验研究

目的探讨羊膜移植对角膜内血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)及角膜新生血管形成的影响,方法12只兔(24眼)被建立角膜碱烧伤动物模型,行羊膜移植的左眼为实验组,右眼为对照组,分别采用免疫组化染色检查VEGF蛋白的表达,宏观测量新生血管长度及生长速度,显微镜下微血管计数方法研究角膜新生血管形成及抑制情况,结果与对照组比较,实验组兔眼角膜的VEGF蛋白表达下降,新生血管生长速度变慢,微血管数量减少(P＜0．01),VEGF主要表达在角膜受损区的炎性细胞胞浆内,其出现时间及位置与角膜新生血管一致,结论VEGF是一种重要的角膜内新生血管形成因子,其变化与角膜新生血管平行;羊膜移植可抑制碱烧伤角膜内VEGF的表达及角膜新生血管的形成.     

籼粳稻维管束性状关系研究

选用5份粳稻和4份籼稻材料,对不同品种水稻维管束的数量进行比较研究,同时结合程氏指数调查,探讨了籼稻和粳稻之间的维管束差异。结果表明:籼稻穗颈维管束数明显高于粳稻,其大维管束效率较高;籼稻的穗颈维管束数与穗一次枝梗数之比(V/R)也显著高于粳稻,大小维管束比也较高。籼稻程氏打分均较低,而粳稻的较高。     

Comparison of Morphological and Genetic Differentiations in Filial Generation of Cross Between Indica and Japonica Rice

A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of F8 and F9 generations derived from a cross between a typical indica rice (Qishanzhan) and a typical japonica rice (Akihikari) was used to study the difference between morphological differentiation based on phenotype characters and genetic differentiation using indica and japonica specific SSR markers, and to evaluate the relationship between vascular bundle characters and morphological and genetic differentiations. The results showed that the frequency distributions of morphological and genetic differentiations were all inclined to japonica type in the filial generation. The population was more inclined to japonica type based on genetic differentiation than on morphological differentiation. The consistent degrees of classification based on the Cheng's index, the ratio of large vascular bundle number to small vascular bundle number in panicle neck (RLSVB) and the ratio of large vascular bundle number in the second internode from the top to that in the panicle neck (RLVB) were all about 50% compared with the genetic differentiation, and the consistent degree of the total scores of the Cheng's index combined with the vascular bundle number ratios was significantly increased to about 80% compared with the genetic differentiation. Therefore, the vascular bundle characters could be used as a helpful supplement for subspecies classification.