裕丹参变异类型分析

对河南省方城县裕丹参5个变异类型的植株特征、生物学性状、营养器官组织结构进行了分析,并对丹参5个变异类型根中有效成分含量进行了测定.结果表明,裕丹参各类型间性状差异明显,各类型根中丹参酮ⅡΑ和丹酚酸Β含量均高于药典标准.     

卡那霉素对川芎愈伤组织诱导和生长的影响

以川芎(Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.)的根、茎、叶及其对应的愈伤组织为试验材料,研究不同浓度的卡那霉素对其诱导和生长的影响。不同的外植体对卡那霉素的敏感度不同,根的敏感度高于茎,茎的敏感度高于叶片。方差分析和总体观察的结果表明,在川芎的遗传转化中,卡那霉素的最佳抗性筛选浓度范围为20~40 mg/L。     

Applicability of site-specific pedotransfer functions and rosetta model for the estimation of dynamic soil hydraulic properties under different vegetation covers

Background, Aims, and Scope  During the last decades, different methods have been developed to determine soil hydraulic properties in the field and laboratory. These methodologies are frequently time-consuming and/or expensive. An indirect method, named Pedotransfer Functions (PTFs), was developed to predict soil hydraulic properties using other easily measurable soil (physical and chemical) parameters. This work evaluates the use of the PTFs included in the Rosetta model (Schaap et al. 2001) and compares them with PTFs obtained specifically for soils under two different vegetation covers. Methods  Rosetta software includes two basic types of pedotransfer functions (Class PTF and Continuous PTF), allowing the estimation of van Genuchten water retention parameters using limited (textural classes only) or more extensive (texture, bulk density and one or two water retention measurements) input data. We obtained water retention curves from undisturbed samples using the ‘sand box’ method for potentials between saturation and 20 kPa, and the pressure membrane method for potentials between 100 and 1500 kPa. Physical properties of sampled soils were used as input variables for the Rosetta model and to determine site-specific PTFs. Results  The Rosetta model accurately predicts water content at field capacity, but clearly underestimates it at saturation. Poor agreement between observed and estimated values in terms of root mean square error were obtained for the Rosetta model in comparison with specific PTFs. Discrepancies between both methods are comparable to results obtained by other authors. Conclusions  Site-specific PTFs predicted the van Genuchten parameters better than Rosetta model. Pedotransfers functions have been a useful tool to solve the water retention capacity for soils located in the southern Pyrenees, where the fine particle size and organic matter content are higher. The Rosetta model showed good predictions for the curve parameters, even though the uncertainty of the data predicted was higher than for the site-specific PTFs. Recommendations and Perspectives  The Rosetta model accurately predicts the retention curve parameters when the use is related with wide soil types; nevertheless, if we want to obtain good predictors using a homogenous soil database, specific PTFs are required. ESS-Submission Editor: Prof. Zhihong Xu, PhD (zhihong.xu@griffith.edu.au)     

不同工业企业周围土壤-作物系统重金属Pb、Cd的空间变异及其迁移规律

对苏南不同排污方式的3个工业企业周围土壤-作物系统的重金属空间变异、迁移及影响因素进行了深入研究。研究表明:污水排放分别导致了氧化铅厂(F1)和化工厂(F2)周围农田土壤中Pb和Cd的聚集,其上作物的重金属吸收量也明显提高。而以大气排放为主的冶金企业(F3)导致土壤中重金属的轻微积累,也显著提高了作物中Pb的含量。在空间分布上,污水排放企业周围土壤和作物重金属的强烈聚集区出现在企业排污口附近约50m范围内,并随着距企业距离的增加重金属含量呈指数降低,高于土壤背景值的污染范围分别为400m(F1)和100m(F2)。进入土壤的Pb和Cd主要聚集在土壤表层0～20cm范围内。在企业污水灌溉的影响下,水稻Pb和土壤Pb、水稻Cd和土壤Cd均呈显著的指数关系;小麦Cd和土壤Cd呈显著的线性关系。当小麦和水稻Cd含量超过国家食品卫生标准(0.2mgkg-1)时,土壤中有效Cd含量分别为0.360mgkg-1和0.319mgkg-1,全Cd分别为1.50mgkg-1和1.42mgkg-1。而在大气污染的影响下,土壤-作物中的重金属无明显的相关性。     

血小板衍生因子A的生理功能研究进展

血小板衍生因子A（platele-derived growth factor A,PDGFA）是PDGF家族中的一种多肽,具有促进细胞生长、刺激细胞与细胞间质相互作用、影响毛囊生长的功能。从PDGFA的蛋白结构、主要基因表达通路Wnt、SHH、BMP和在皮肤、肺部以及绒毛生长中的作用进行综述,探讨PDGFA在毛囊生长和周期维持中发挥的重要作用,以期为进一步研究绒毛生长机理提供参考。     

和谐社会构建下的社区教育功能及实现策略

在我国当前构建和谐社会的背景下,社区教育在推动全民教育、促进教育公平、服务地区经济、提升民众素质等方面有着独特的功能和作用,并可力求通过完善社区教育运行机制、加大社区教育福利性投入、健全社区职业教育机构、拓展农村社区教育领域、创新社区教育途径等发展策略得以逐步实现.     

阳江地区尾叶桉早期生长性状遗传参数估算

目的 研究尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla无性系的遗传变异,筛选适合阳江地区生长的优良无性系,为新品系选育及推广应用提供科学依据。方法 以76份尾叶桉无性系为研究材料,在阳江地区分3次营建尾叶桉无性系测定林;造林后逐年测量其树高和胸径,并对该生长性状进行方差分析和遗传参数估算,采用多性状基因型值筛选优良无性系,并估算入选优良无性系的遗传增益。结果 尾叶桉的树高和胸径在无性系间存在显著差异,且生长性状的变异系数逐年递减。除少数年份内的生长性状外,尾叶桉生长性状方差分量在区组间的差异达到了显著或极显著的水平,遗传方差分量介于0.10~22.61之间,环境方差分量介于0.18~45.86之间,重复力介于0.10~0.42之间。除1年生树高外,树高和胸径存在较强的遗传正相关,遗传和表型相关都达到中等及较高的水平（相关系数为0.40~0.98）,且相同林龄内的树高和胸径间相关性较大。根据不同林龄预测的树高和胸径基因型值,结合树高和胸径的生长表现,在所有林龄的无性系中,无性系ZQUB29、ZQUA34、ZQUC33、ZQUA15和ZQUA33的表现都较好,表明这些无性系可能在整个轮伐期长势都较稳定,是优良无性系。结论 参试尾叶桉无性系间生长差异极显著,入选的5个优良无性系可作为后续尾叶桉遗传改良和良种选育的基础。     

贵州野生匍匐剪股颖POD等位酶位点遗传变异分析

试验旨在揭示材料间的亲缘关系,从而为促进中国野生草坪草种质资源的收集、保存、以及核心种质资源的构建等具有重要意义,同时也为品种选育过程中亲本选配、后代遗传变异程度及杂种优势水平的预测提供预见性的指导。试验以国外匍匐剪股颖品种KROMI为对照,对贵州三大地区的18份野生匍匐剪股颖材料POD等位酶住点遗传变异进行分析,共检测到两个POD等住酶位点Pod-1、Pod-2。其中Pod-1有八条酶带,迁移率（RF）分别为0．031、0．046、0．065、0．088、0．111、0．131、0．163、0．183;Pod-2有四条酶带,迁移率（RF）分别为0．644、0．667、0．699、0．752;根据POD等位酶基因型分析结果,Pod-1位点等位酶四级结构为二聚体,Pod-2酶位点为单聚体。Pod-1位点合Pod-1a、Pod-1b、Pod-1c、Pod-1d四个等位基因,其中Pod-1a、Pod-1b、Pod-1c在材料中出现频率最高,为主导基因;Pod-2位点合Pod-2a、Pod-2b、Pod-2c、Pod-2d四个等位基因,其中Pod-2c出现频率最高,为Pod-2住点主导基因。根据试验结果,可将供试材料分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四大类。     

Deficit irrigation without reducing yield or nut splitting in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv Kerman on Pistacia terebinthus L.)

An irrigation experiment involving pistachio (Pistacia vera cv Kerman on Pistacia terebinthus L. rootstocks) was performed over a four-year period in central Spain to determine the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on nut yield and quality. The growth season was divided into three phenological stages: stage I - from sprouting until the end of rapid nut growth; stage II - from maximum nut size until the beginning of kernel growth; and stage III - from the beginning of kernel growth until harvest. Control trees were irrigated to supply their full water needs throughout the growth season, except for the post-harvest period. Sustained deficit irrigation at 65% (DI₆₅) and 50% (DI₅₀) of control irrigation was provided to two other groups of trees. The RDI provided to a further group was designed to provide a stress period during stages I and II but no water stress during stage III; the aim was to reduce water use and increase the percentage of split nuts. A fifth group of trees was maintained under rain fed conditions. Water potential and leaf conductance were affected in the DI₆₅, DI₅₀ and rain fed treatments mainly during stages II and III, with midday water potentials below −2.0 MPa. The RDI trees were only significantly water stressed during stage II, showing midday water potentials of around −1.4 MPa. On most days, leaf conductance was not significantly affected in any of the irrigation treatments. The nuts of the DI₆₅ and DI₅₀ trees were smaller in diameter and their total yield was reduced compared to the controls. However, no significant differences in kernel dry weight were observed. The RDI trees showed a total yield and percentage of split nuts similar to those of the controls, even though they received around 20% less water. The split nut yield showed a linear relationship with crop evapotranspiration. However, since the percentage of split nuts was similar in all treatments this variation was likely related to the total yield. The RDI trees did not show the normal alternate bearing pattern (which was clearly maintained in the control trees). Early splitting, a process that decreases the quality of the yield, was not related to water status but to temperatures lower than 13 °C. The results suggest that P. terebinthus L. rootstocks confer P.vera scions a degree of drought-resistance, reducing the likelihood of water stress and, therefore, allowing more severe RDI scheduling.     

欣噻利对棉花综合性状的方差及灰色关联度分析

【目的】 研究新型脱叶剂欣噻利在新疆奎屯棉区的使用效果。【方法】 以Z1146为材料进行脱叶剂试验,采用方差分析法和灰色关联度综合评价法,综合评价新型脱叶剂欣噻利不同处理的棉花脱叶率、吐絮率、产量及纤维品质。【结果】 喷施噻苯隆+乙烯利(450 g/ hm²+2 250 mL/hm²)、欣噻利(1 800~2 700 mL/hm²)均能明显提高棉花脱叶率,且催熟效果较好。喷施脱叶剂对棉花纤维长度、整齐度指数和马克隆值无显著影响,对产量和棉纤维断裂比强度有一定影响。不同处理综合性状优劣排序为T₅>T₄>T₃>T₆>T₁>T₂,其中T₅处理的综合评判值最高,为0.861 6。【结论】 T₅处理(欣噻利4:1 350+1 350 mL/hm²分2次喷施)具有较优越的综合性能,适宜在新疆奎屯棉区推广。