Brief Discussion on the Characteristics of the Building Decorations with Woodcarving and its Functions

In this paper, the author makes researches on the characteristics of the traditional building decorations with woodcarving in our country and its functions in modern environmental designs, so as to improve its traditional technology and weed through the old to bring forth the new in modern designs.     

Have we neglected the societal importance of sand dunes? An ecosystem services perspective

• 1. Coastal sand dunes are widespread worldwide, including around the coasts of the British Isles and Europe, providing a wide range of functions some of which are recognized for their socio‐economic benefits.
• 2. In some localities, their contribution to coastal defence and to tourism and regional character have been acknowledged in local plans, but this is far from ubiquitous.
• 3. A rapid assessment was undertaken of the range of ecosystem services provided by coastal sand dune systems, using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ecosystem services classification augmented with habitat‐ and locally‐appropriate additions.
• 4. Sand dunes were shown to provide a wide range of provisioning, regulatory, cultural and supporting services, many of which remain substantially overlooked.
• 5. Although the importance of coastal sand dune for a diversity of characteristic and often rare organisms from a variety of taxa has been addressed, many of the broader ecosystem services that these habitats provide to society have been overlooked. This suggests that coastal sand dune systems are neglected ecosystems of significant and often under‐appreciated societal value. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

植物PLETHORA转录因子的研究进展

转录因子作为生物体内发挥重要调节作用的蛋白质,在分子生物学各个领域被广泛研究。转录因子PLETHORA (PLT)属于ERF/AP2 (ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR/APETALA 2)家族,在植物体胚胎发育、器官发育、分生组织的维持等方面发挥重要的作用。PLT基因在过表达时会诱导细胞获得多能性,使其在植物体中具有非常广泛的功能。在模式植物拟南芥中PLT转录因子的功能已经有了较充分的研究,而在其他物种的研究还不深入。本综述总结了近年来在PLT转录因子功能研究上取得的成果,以期为发掘该转录因子新功能提供帮助,为深入研究该转录因子在不同物种中的功能提供参考。     

安徽东至县主要栽培食(药)用菌重金属调查分析

由于食(药)用菌富含多糖等带负电荷的高分子物质,对重金属有吸附能力,所以其重金属含量是农产品安全的热点问题。采用实地随机抽样的方式在安徽省东至县采集当地大规模栽培的灵芝(Ganoderma lingzhi)、黑木耳(Auricularia heimuer)和香菇(Lentinula edodes)样品共62个,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定铅(Pb)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)和硒(Se)含量,采用原子荧光分光光度法测定汞(Hg)含量。结果表明,砷、镉、铅和汞含量全部检测数据远低于国家相关标准规定的限量;硒有效检出率为37.1%,最高含量为0.797 mg·kg-1;方差分析结果表明,重金属种类、食(药)用菌种类两因素对于重金属含量影响呈显著相关,且两者间存在交互作用;灵芝与香菇对砷、镉、铅和汞的吸附特性非常一致,而黑木耳表现出显著差异,尤其对铅有相对高的吸附特征。安徽省东至县由于得天独厚的自然生态优势,适宜食(药)用菌的大规模栽培,食(药)用菌产业可以安全、健康地发展。     

Efficient approximation of reliabilities for single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor models with the Algorithm for Proven and Young

The objectives of this study were to develop an efficient algorithm for calculating prediction error variances (PEVs) for genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models using the Algorithm for Proven and Young (APY), extend it to single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), and apply this algorithm for approximating the theoretical reliabilities for single- and multiple-trait models in ssGBLUP. The PEV with APY was calculated by block sparse inversion, efficiently exploiting the sparse structure of the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix with APY. Single-step GBLUP reliabilities were approximated by combining reliabilities with and without genomic information in terms of effective record contributions. Multi-trait reliabilities relied on single-trait results adjusted using the genetic and residual covariance matrices among traits. Tests involved two datasets provided by the American Angus Association. A small dataset (Data1) was used for comparing the approximated reliabilities with the reliabilities obtained by the inversion of the left-hand side of the mixed model equations. A large dataset (Data2) was used for evaluating the computational performance of the algorithm. Analyses with both datasets used single-trait and three-trait models. The number of animals in the pedigree ranged from 167,951 in Data1 to 10,213,401 in Data2, with 50,000 and 20,000 genotyped animals for single-trait and multiple-trait analysis, respectively, in Data1 and 335,325 in Data2. Correlations between estimated and exact reliabilities obtained by inversion ranged from 0.97 to 0.99, whereas the intercept and slope of the regression of the exact on the approximated reliabilities ranged from 0.00 to 0.04 and from 0.93 to 1.05, respectively. For the three-trait model with the largest dataset (Data2), the elapsed time for the reliability estimation was 11 min. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm increased linearly with the number of genotyped animals and with the number of traits in the model. This algorithm can efficiently approximate the theoretical reliability of genomic estimated breeding values in ssGBLUP with APY for large numbers of genotyped animals at a low cost.     

黑大豆营养功能及开发豆皮色素的探讨

探讨黑大豆的营养功能,特别是豆皮的抗氧化功能。分析了"粤引大豆一号"新品种的营养价值,比较黑大豆、黑米及黑玉米中生物色素的抗氧化能力,发现黑大豆明显强于后者;对不同粒型、不同产区黄大豆、黑大豆的总酚、总花色苷含量进行比较,发现黑大豆极显著高于前者。阐述了黑豆皮提取物的抗氧化机制,最终提出了具有抗氧化功能的生物色素在营养研究上的重大意义,并对大豆今后的育种目标、种植基地和季节的选择,以及对采用微化技术加工其相关产品提出了具体的建议。     

贝叶斯模型在土壤转换函数中的应用与适应性评价

为了研究大型灌区节水改造后的区域农田生态环境效应中分布式水文模型空间参数的确定问题,通过内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域22个土壤水盐监测点110个土壤样本的采样与分析,利用贝叶斯神经网络(BNN)模型建立了河套灌区区域分层土壤特征参数与土壤水分特征曲线模型参数、特征含水率之间的土壤转换函数模型,并与已有的BP神经网络模型进行适应性比较及模型验证。结果表明,BP模型土壤转换函数的训练模拟精度优于BNN,但是在模拟预测方面,BNN模型普遍好于BP模型,而且模型输入因子数量对BP模型的精度影响较大,而BNN模型对于不同输入因子表现出很好的稳健性,BNN模型比传统的人工神经网络模型具有更好的适应性和预测效果,体现了土壤特征参数的空间随机性和结构性特征,而且预测的土壤水分特征曲线与实测和VG拟合结果更为接近,是一种具有广阔应用前景的区域土壤转换函数推求方法。     

水稻各生育阶段分别受旱条件下产量及敏感系数差异性研究

水稻整个生育期的生长需要经过不同的6个生育阶段,分别是返青期、分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期和黄熟期,每个生育阶段的需水量不尽相同.其中,返青期需要返青活苗,这个时期必须保证供应足够的水量以使得稻苗成活;黄熟期需要落干晒田,不需要进行水量补充;其他4个生育期对水量的要求各不相同.在试验的基础上,研究在中间4个生育期内给予水稻不同的受旱处理,分析其最后的产量差异及各个生育期的水分敏感系数(缺水系数)的大小,结果表明,对于缺水最为敏感的时期是抽穗开花期,其次是拔节抽穗期,最后是分蘖期和乳熟期.试验的研究可以为今后灌区水稻的分阶段灌溉提供合理的依据,把宝贵的水资源用在最重要的环节,为灌区制定合理的灌溉制度提供参考.     

多变异来源的工序方法在机械制造过程中的应用

统计过程控制所用的传统的休哈特控制图只能控制单一变异来源。本文讨论了质量特征值来自多个变异来源的工序控制情况,通过多变异分析,提出了一种针对每个变异来源采用单值控制图分别进行控制的工序控制方法,并以轴加工为例介绍了这种方法的应用。     

基于联合多重分形的土壤水分特征曲线土壤传递函数

利用联合多重分形方法识别在不同尺度上对土壤水分特征曲线空间变异性都具有显著影响的因素,基于得出的结论建立考虑尺度效应的小尺度和大尺度van Genuchten模型参数的土壤传递函数,探讨了将小尺度上得出的联合多重分形结论进行尺度扩展,应用到大尺度上的可行性。结果表明:小尺度和大尺度上基于0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层van Genuchten模型参数土壤传递函数预测的土壤含水率均方根误差分别为0.038 6、0.047 3和0.027 0、0.030 4,可将小尺度上进行联合多重分形分析得出的结论进行尺度扩展,应用到大尺度上,且建立的土壤传递函数具有较强的理论基础和较高的预测精度。